plant body

Question 1

What are the three tissues in the plant body?

Answer 1

Dermal, ground, vascular

Question 2

How are tissues arranged in a plant leaf?

Answer 2

• Dermal: Forms the outer covering.
• Ground: Main internal tissue.
• Vascular: Embedded within the ground tissue.
  Tissue arrangement depends on the organ, plant type (taxon), or both.

Question 3

What is the modular structure of the plant body?

Answer 3

• Internode: Space between nodes.
• Node: Point where leaves and buds grow.
• Leaf: Photosynthetic organ.
  Axillary Bud: Can grow into a branch or flower.

Question 4

What is the role of dermal tissue, and what specialized cells are found in it?

Answer 4

• Functions: Protection, water retention, selective absorption.
• Specialized Cells:
  Guard cells (control stomata for gas exchange)
  Trichomes (hair-like structures for protection)
  Root hairs (increase water absorption).

Question 5

What are the 3 types of ground tissue cells and their functions?

Answer 5

• Parenchyma: Photosynthesis, storage (found in leaves, pith, and fruit flesh).
• Collenchyma: Flexible support in growing parts (e.g., celery strings).
• Sclerenchyma: Rigid support due to thick, lignified walls.

Question 6

What are the roles of xylem and phloem in vascular tissue?

Answer 6

• Xylem: Transports water and minerals from roots to leaves.
• Phloem: Transports sugars and nutrients throughout the plant.
  Vascular tissue forms a continuous network for transport and signaling.

Question 7

How is the basic plant body established during embryogenesis?

Answer 7

• Polarity: Establishes apical-basal (top-bottom) and radial (inner-outer) orientation.
• Tissue Specification: Differentiation of dermal, ground, and vascular tissues.
• Organ Formation: Initial organs form in the embryo, but most develop after germination.

Question 8

What are meristems, and how do they enable plant growth?

Answer 8

• Meristems: Stem cells that divide to form new tissues.
• Primary Meristems:
  Shoot Apical Meristem (SAM): New shoots and leaves.
  Root Apical Meristem (RAM): New roots.
• Post-embryonic growth: Meristems produce organs (leaves, branches, flowers) after germination.

Question 9

What are the 2 main processes in plant growth?

Answer 9

• Cell Division: Occurs in meristems to form new cells.
• Cell Expansion: Cells grow by absorbing water, increasing cell size.

Question 10

What are the 3 main types of growth in plants?

Answer 10

• Polarized Growth: Along the main axis (through SAM and RAM).
• Secondary Growth: From axillary meristems (branching growth).
• Radial Growth: Lateral meristems increase stem width (e.g., wood formation).