Plant Biology Yr9 Flashcards

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1
Q

What do plants need for germination

A

Oxygen
Warmth
Water

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2
Q

What does germination involve

A

Breaking open if the seed coat and the development of structures that will eventually become the stem and roof of the plant

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3
Q

What is germination controlled by

A

Enzymes

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4
Q

Why is water needed in germination

A

Let’s the seed swell and the embryo to start to grow

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5
Q

What is oxygen needed for in germination

A

For the aerobic respiration

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6
Q

What is warmth needed for in the germination

A

Increase growth rate and enzyme activity

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7
Q

What do plants need to grow like animals

A

Vitamins and minerals

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8
Q

Why do plants need calcium

A

To build cell walls

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9
Q

Why do plants need magnesium to grow

A

For chlorophyll formation

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10
Q

Why do plants need nitrogen to grow

A

For amino acid and protein formation

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11
Q

What happens to leaves in the plant if there is no nitrogen

A

Yellow/green leaves and weak steam

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12
Q

What happens in the plant if there is no potassium

A

Poor flower no fruit growth

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13
Q

What happens to leaves in the plant if there is no magnesium

A

Leaves turn yellow from bottom upwards

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14
Q

What happens to leaves in the plant if there is no phosphorus

A

Poor root growth and purple leaves

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15
Q

Where do plants get minerals from

A

Plant roots are covered in root hair cells which take in minerals and water from the soil.

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16
Q

How are the root hair cells useful

A

The root hair cells greatly increase surface area so max amount of minerals and vitamins can be absorbed. Also help anchor plant in the soil.

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17
Q

What are flowers needed for

A

Reproduction of plant

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18
Q

What is the stem Needed for

A

Transport system. Xylem carries water up and phloem transports glucose and nutrients around plant

19
Q

What do the roots do

A

Absorb water and minerals, large surface area in root hair cells, large vacuole and no chlorophyll

20
Q

What do the leaves do

A

Carry out photosynthesis. Large surface area to capture sunlight. Lots of chloroplast in cells

21
Q

Photosynthesis equation

A

Light
Carbon dioxide + water ————————> glucose + oxygen
Chlorophyll

22
Q

What does photosynthesis occur

A

In the leaves of the plant

23
Q

What does photosynthesis need

A

Both chlorophyll and light energy and water

24
Q

What happens during photosynthesis

A

The chlorophyll in leaves helps convert carbon dioxide and water into the products oxygen and glucose. The glucose is a food source for the plant

25
Q

What can the glucose produced be turned into

A

Starch and plant oils which are used as energy store

26
Q

The things the photosynthesis makes

A

Glucose and oxygen

27
Q

What’s happens to a plant if it doesn’t get water

A

It wilts

28
Q

Plants only carry out photosynthesis during the

A

Day

29
Q

At night plants only

A

Respire as no light to photosynthesise

30
Q

What do green plants produce

A

Carbon dioxide as a waste product for respiration
Oxygen as a waste product for photosynthesis

31
Q

At midday light is strongest so

A

Photosynthesis is stronger than respiration

32
Q

At dawn and dusk the rate of photosynthesis and respiration is

A

Equal

33
Q

When the rate of photosynthesis is higher than the rate of respiration

A

Carbon dioxide moves into the leaves and oxygen exits the leaves via the stomata

34
Q

When there is no photosynthesis only respiration happens and

A

Oxygen moves into the leaves and carbon dioxide exits via the stomata

35
Q

Hydrogen carbonate indicator is purple when

A

The rate of photosynthesis is higher than rate of respiration causing CO2 levels to drop

36
Q

Hydrogen carbonate indicator stays red when

A

Normal levels of atmospheric CO2 as rates of both is equal to

37
Q

Hydrogen carbonate indicator turns yellow when

A

As photosynthesis has stopped and respiration continues to produce CO2

38
Q

Leaves for photosynthesis are for

A

Large surface area to absorb sunlight for photosynthesis

39
Q

Stem for photosynthesis for

A

Transports water and minerals up the plant to the leaves and sugars up and down the plant

40
Q

Roots for photosynthesis for

A

Large surface area (root hair cells) to adsorb minerals and water from the soil

41
Q

A plant wilts when

A

Cells lose water faster than it can take in. Plants need water to hold them up-this is a form of support.

42
Q

The plant looses water in the process

A

Transpiration

43
Q

What is transpiration

A

Mainly the due to the evaporation of water through the pores on the leaves.

44
Q

What dose the plant need the stomata and guard cells for

A

Gas exchange and also water to leave the leaf. In most leaves the pores (stomata) have special cells to close or open them. These cells are called guard cells. When the guard cells lose water they change shape this makes the leaves pores close the plant then ends up loosing water