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PLANT BIOLOGY Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q
  1. WHAT IS A LEAF
A

A LEAF ISA FLATTENED PORTION OF THE STEM WHICH ARISE AT THE NODE.IT IS THE TOP PHOTOSYNTHETIC ORGAN OF THE PLANT

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2
Q

WHAT ARE THE PROMINENT REGIONS SHOWN BY A LEAF WHEN CUT IN TRANSVERSE SECTION.

A

1.EPIDERMIS
2.MESOPHYLL
3.VEINS

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3
Q

THE REASON WHY THE THICKNESS OF THE CUTICLE VARIES WITH PLANTS IN ARID REGIONS AND THOSE IN LESS ARID ARID REGIONS

A

PLANTS IN ARID REGIONS HAVE THICKER CUTICLES THAN THOSE IN LESS ARID REGIONS BECAUSE IN ARID REGIONS THE RATE OF WATER LOSS IS VERY HIGH AND AS A RESULT,THE PLANTS THAT ARE IN THESE REGIONS POSESES THICKER CUTICLES IN ORDER TO REDUCE THE LOSS OF WATER THAN THOSE PLANTS IN LESS ARID REGIONS

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4
Q

WHAT ARE GUAD CELLS

A

THEY ARE SPECIALISEDEPIDERMAL CELLS THAT SURROUNDS THE STOMATA AND THEY HELP IN CONTROLLING THE OPENING OF THE STOMATA IN RESPONSE TO CHANGE IN TUGOR

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5
Q

HOW THE EPIDERMAL CELLS CONTROLS THE OPENING AND CLOSING OF THE STOMATA

A

.THE GUARD CELLS WORK IN RESPONSE TO CHANGE IN PRESSURE
. AT LOW PRESSURE THE GUARD CELLS BECOME FLACID AND STOMATA IS CLOSED
. AT HIGH TEMPERATURES ,THE GUARD CELLS BECOME TURGID(SWOLLEN) AND THE STOMATA OPENS

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6
Q

DIFFERNTIATIATE BETWEEN THE CELLS FOUND IN XYLEM AND THOSE FOUND IN PHLOEM

A

XYLEM.
1.THEY HAVE CELLS THAT ARE NORMALLY DEAD
2.THEYARE MADE UP OF HOLLOW TUBES THAT ALLOW WATER TO MOVE

 PHLOEM 1.IT CONTAINS LIVING CELLS  2.IT CONTAINS SIEVE PORES WHICH HELP THE PHLOEM SAP TO MOVE FROM CELL TO CELL
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7
Q

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ENDOSPER OF A MONOCOTYLEDONS AND THAT OF A DICOTYLEDONUOS SEED

A

MONOCOTS
1.THE COTYLEDONS DOES NOT ABSORB THE ENDOSPERM BUT TRANSFERS NUTRIENTS FROM IT DURING GERMINATION TO THE NON LEAFY PART OF THE EMBROY

DICOTY EMBROY
IN DICOT EMBROY THE COTYLEDON BECOMS THICKER AND FLESHY AS THEY ABSORB THE ENDOSPERM

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8
Q

WHAT IS EPICOTYL AND HYPOCOTYL

A

EPICOTYL IS THE VERY SHORT PART OF THE STEM ABOVE THE COTYLEDONS

HYPOCOTYL IS THE PART OF THE STEM BELOW THE EPICOTYL

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9
Q

NAME THE COMPONENT THAT MAKE UP A SEED

A
  1. PLANT EMBRYO
    2.STORED FOOD
    3.SEED COAT
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10
Q

COMPARE THE STEM’S EPIDERMIS AND THE LEAF’S EPIDERMIS IN TERMS OF THEIR STOMATA

A

THE EPIDERMIS OF THE STEM IS THE TRANSPORT UNICELLULAR LAYER WHICH CONTAINS STOMATA BUT LESSER THAN THOSE FOUND IN LEAVES

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11
Q

what are the components of the plant body

A

1.the root system
2.the shoot system

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12
Q

what are the features of the root system

A

1.the root system is ususally found underground
2.it anchors the plant in the soil
3.it absorb water and nutrients
4.it conducts water and nutrients
5.it stores food

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13
Q

what are the features of the shoot system

A

1.it is usually found above the ground
2.it elevates the plant above the ground
3.it plays a major role in photosynthesis
4.it plays a major role in reproduction and dispersal
5.it plays a major role in food and water conservation

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14
Q

whatis a leaf

A

a leaf is any flattened green outgrowth from the stem of a vascular plant

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15
Q

what are the functions of a leaf

A

1.it is the main structure responsible for photosynthesis
2.it provides stomata for gaseous exchange
3.it serves as the main channel for transpiration
4.some leaves are caple for storing food eg.Onions
5.some leaves are used for vegetative propagationsuch as bryopyllum

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16
Q

what is the primary function of the leaf

A

it main function is for photosynthesis

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17
Q

what are the major functions of the leaf

A

1.for photosynthesis
2.transpiration
3.for gaseous exchange

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18
Q

listthe major tissues of the leaf

A

1.epidermis
2.mesophyll
3.veins

THEY ARE ALSO KNOWN AS THE THREE REGIONS IN THE TRANSVERSE SECTION OF A LEAF

19
Q

DEFINE THE EPIDERMIS

A

itis single layer of cells which covers the entire surface of the leaf

20
Q

what are the functions of the epidermis

A

1.it protects the delicate ionternal tissues of the leaf
2.it allows gaseous exchange through the stomata
3.it protects the leaf against water loss in transpiration
4.it absorbs water and mineral nutrients
5.it is involved in photosynthesis
6.it secretes a waxy cuticle which gives further protection to the leaf

The cuticle helps to protect the leaf against water loss
,resist the desiccation of the internal tissues and also help the epidermis repel attack from insects

21
Q

state the division of the epidermis

A

1.the Upper epidermis-it is the uppermost layer of the leaf which covers the upper surface of the leaf
2.the Lower epidermis -it is the lowermost layer of the leaf which covers the lower surface of the leaf

22
Q

what is the main difference between the upper epidermis and the lower epidermis

A

the main difference between the upper epidermisand the lower is that the upper epidermis posseses a cis uticle layer wher as the lower epidermis posseses a large number of stomata

23
Q

give the similarities between the upper and lower epidermis

A

1.they are both the outer most layer of the leaf
2.their epidermal cells do not contain chloroplasts
3.they both contain stomata
4.both their guard cells contain chloroplast

24
Q

what are guard cells

A

they are pairs of specialized epidermal cells that controls gas diffusion by regulatingthe opening and closing of the stomatal pores

25
Q

what are the characteristics of guard cells

A

1.they are responsive to changes in tugor
2.when they are turgid,the walls lining the stoma move apart to open the stoma
3.when flaccid they come together to close the stoma

26
Q

what is turgidity

A

the movement of water into the plant

27
Q

what is flaccidity

A

the loss of water by the plant cell

28
Q

define mesophyll(Ground tissue)

A

they are internal the internal ground tissues present in leaves and it is the region of a leaf where photosynthesis occur

it is the ground tissue located between the two epidermal cell layer of the leaf(Upper and Lower epidermis

29
Q

give the functions of the mesophyll

A

1.it aids in gaseous exchange and photosynthesis
2.it main function is to facilitate photosynthesis
3.it is made up of phosynthetic cells called chlorenchyma cells Or parenchyma cells

30
Q

what are chlorenchyma cells

A

these are photosynthetic cells that contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis

31
Q

list down the types of mesophylls

A

1.palisade mesophyll
2.spongy mesophyll

32
Q

define palisade mesophyll

A

they are mesophylls located beneath the upper epidermis

33
Q

define spongy mesophyll

A

they are mesophyll that are located directly below the palisade mesophyll layer above the epidermis

34
Q

what are veins(Vascular bundles)

A

they are the frame work of the leaf that provide structure and support to the leaf

35
Q

what are the functions of the veins

A

1.the provide support for the leaf
2.they transport water and mineral salts,nutrients to the rest of the plant
3.they transport both water and minerals through the xylem and food energy through the phloem from the leaf to the rest of the plant

36
Q

give two characteristic structure of veins

A

1.they are distributed among the mesophyll cels
2.they consists of xylem and phloem surrounded by a layer of parenchyma cells called the bundle sheath cells

37
Q

what is a stem

A

it is the main axis or branch of a plant that bears the leaves,flowers and position them in place where they can function more efficiently

38
Q

give the functions of the stem

A

1.it holds the leaves in position Or provide support for the elevation of leaves flowers and fruits
2.it keeps the leaves in the light for photosynthesis to occur
3.it transport fluid,water and minerals salts between the roots and the shoot through the xylem and phloem
4.some stems store nutrients eg.sugarcane
5.the young and green stems participate in photosynthesis

39
Q

what are the basic tissues found in stems

A

1.epidermal tissues(epidermis)
2.vascular tissues
3.ground tissues
4.Meristematic tissues

40
Q

what are epidermal tissues

A

they are a single layer of cells that make up the dermal tissues covering the stem and protecting the underlying tissues

wody plant have older stems that have an extra layer o fprotection on the top of the epidermis made up of cork cells called Bark

41
Q

whatare trichomes

A

these are hair like projections found in epidermal tissues and they provide protection or to deter feeding

42
Q

what is the difference between the epidermis of a leaf and the epidermis of a stem

A

the epidermis of a leaf secretes a waxy substance called cuticle whereas the epidermis of a stem bears hair_like projectons called trichomes

the function of the epidermal tissues in stem is similar to that of the epidermal tissues in leaves

43
Q

what are vascular tissues

A

they are tissues that consist of conducting elements which are the xylem and phloem

BIOLOGY (7 decks)

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