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Bio 110 > plant anatomy > Flashcards

plant anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

meristems

A

Clumps of small cells with dense cytoplasm and large nuclei (highly mitotic)

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2
Q

apical meristems

A

elongate the plant, give rise to three types of tissue, cause primary growth

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3
Q

lateral meristems

A

increase thickness of plant, add new vascular tissue, cause secondary growth

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4
Q

dermal tissue

A

for protection (skin and bark)

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5
Q

ground tissue

A

for storage, photosynthesis, secretion

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6
Q

vascular tissue

A

for conduction

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7
Q

xylem

A

part of vascular tissue, transports water and dissolved minerals, dead cells at maturity

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8
Q

phloem

A

part of vascular tissue, transports nutrients

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9
Q

node

A

point of attachment of leaf to stem

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10
Q

internode

A

area of stem between two nodes

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11
Q

axillary buds

A

develops into branches with leaves or may form flowers

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12
Q

apical buds

A

extends the shoot system during growing season

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13
Q

parenchyma cells

A

part of ground tissue

responsible for storage, photosynthesis, and secretion

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14
Q

collenchyma cells

A

uneven cell walls, provide flexible support for plant organs

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15
Q

sclerenchyma cells

A

thick secondary cell walls, usually dead at maturity

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16
Q

fibers

A

type of sclerenchyma cells

long and slender strands

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17
Q

sclereids

A

type of sclerenchyma cells

variable shape, branched

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18
Q

trichomes

A

produce oil
hairlike structures
increase solar reflectance
defend leaves against predation

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19
Q

cells of xylem

A

tracheids: taper and overlap
vessels: continuous tubes of short/wide cylindrical cells

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20
Q

cells of phloem

A

sieve tube members: living cells separated by sieve plates, lack most organelles
companion cells: metabolic support from sieve tube members, have ribosomes and mitochondria

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21
Q

stem organization

A

epidermis on outside
ground tissue throughout
vascular tissue bundles (phloem –> outside, xylem –> central)

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22
Q

vascular cambium (lateral meristem)

A

forms secondary xylem and phloem, xylem layer forms annual ring

23
Q

cork cambium (lateral meristem)

A

produces periderm of bark and other tissue to protect stem/trunk, produces lenticels to allow in oxygen

24
Q

tendrils

A

slender, twining strands that enable plant to seek support by climbing other surfaces

25
Q

thorns

A

modified branches appearing as sharp outgrowths that protect plant

26
Q

rhizome

A

stem that grows horizontally underground

27
Q

corm

A

stem that grows horizontally underground, rounded and fleshy

28
Q

runner and stolon

A

stem runs parallel to the ground/just below the surface and give rise to new plants

29
Q

tuber

A

stem that stores starch

30
Q

bulb

A

functions as underground storage unit

31
Q

tap root

A

main root that grows down vertically and has many smaller lateral roots

32
Q

fibrous root system

A

located closer to soil surface and forms dense network of roots

33
Q

lamina

A

flattened blade of leaf

34
Q

petiole

A

stalk of leaf

35
Q

venation

A

pattern of veins in a leaf

36
Q

phyllotaxy

A

arrangement of leaves on a stem

37
Q

simple leaf

A

blade is either completely undivided or lobed

38
Q

compound leaf

A

blade is completely divided, forming leaflets

39
Q

palmately (compound leaf)

A

leaflets radiating outwards from one point

40
Q

pinnately (compound leaf)

A

feather like, leaflets arranged along midrib

41
Q

mesophyll

A

parenchyma cells between upper and lower epidermis

42
Q

palisade mesophyll

A

two rows of tightly packed cells

43
Q

spongey mesophyll

A

loosely arranged cells with air spaces

44
Q

type of leaf arrangement

A

alternate, opposite, whorled

45
Q

monocot seed

A

one cotyledon

46
Q

eudicot seed

A

two cotyledon

47
Q

monocot flowers

A

parts in 3’s

48
Q

eudicot flowers

A

parts in 4’s or 5’s

49
Q

monocot leaves

A

parallel veins

50
Q

eudicot leaves

A

reticulated veins

51
Q

monocot shoots

A

dispersed paired bundles of xylem and phloem

52
Q

eudicot shoots

A

paired bundles of xylem and phloem on perimeter

53
Q

monocot roots

A

paired bundles of xylem and phloem on perimeter + casparian strip

54
Q

eudicot roots

A

central “star” of xylem with alternating phloem + casparian strip

Bio 110 (1 decks)

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