Plant Anatomy

Question 1

Leaf role

Answer 1

produce food for the plant by photosynthesis

Question 2

Leaf parts

Answer 2

Covering, apex, vein, margin, stomata, base, axil

Question 3

Covering

Answer 3

Hair, scales, film that may protect leaf

Question 4

Apex

Answer 4

Tip of leaf

Question 5

Vein

Answer 5

Provide support and transport water, food, and minerals (via xylem and phloem)

Question 6

Margin

Answer 6

Outside edge of leaf

Question 7

Stomata

Answer 7

Regulates flow of gases and water vapor into/out of leaves

Question 8

Base

Answer 8

Part of blade that attaches to petiole or directly to stem

Question 9

Axil

Answer 9

Angle formed by petiole and stem

Question 10

Stem role

Answer 10

support the leaves; to conduct water and minerals to the leaves, where they can be converted into usable products by photosynthesis; and to transport these products from the leaves to other parts of the plant, including the roots

Question 11

Stem parts

Answer 11

Leaf scar, bud scales. bud scale scars, axillary buds, terminal buds

Question 12

Leaf scar

Answer 12

mark left by a leaf after a twig falls off

Question 13

Bud scales

Answer 13

protect bud from external damage

Question 14

Bud scale scar

Answer 14

scars remaining after bud scales fall off

Question 15

Axillary buds

Answer 15

found in leaf axils

Question 16

Terminal buds

Answer 16

found at tips of stems

Question 17

Root role

Answer 17

anchorage of the plant; absorption of water and dissolved minerals and conduction of these to the stem; and storage of reserve foods.

Question 18

Root parts

Answer 18

Zone of maturation and absorption, zone of elongation, root cap, meristem, root hairs

Question 19

Zone of maturation and absorption

Answer 19

portion of root that forms root hairs

Question 20

Zone of elongation

Answer 20

Contains cells that lengthen root

Question 21

Root cap

Answer 21

Prevents damage to root as it pushes through soil

Question 22

Meristem

Answer 22

Area that produces new cells that are scraped off as root grows

Question 23

Root hairs

Answer 23

short-lived, fragile, tiny structures through which water and nutrients enter plant

Question 24

Flower role

Answer 24

enable sexual reproduction

Question 25

Flower parts

Answer 25

Pistil; stigma, style ovary ovule, Stamen; filament, anther, Petal, Receptacle, Calyx

Question 26

Pistil

Answer 26

Female reproductive parts

Question 27

Stigma

Answer 27

Where germination occurs

Question 28

Style

Answer 28

Holds up stigma

Question 29

Ovary

Answer 29

contains ovules

Question 30

Ovule

Answer 30

Become seeds of flowering plants

Question 31

Stamen

Answer 31

Male reproductive parts

Question 32

Anther

Answer 32

Where pollen is produced

Question 33

Filament

Answer 33

Holds up anther

Question 34

Petal

Answer 34

Attracts insects, shields pistil and stamen from weather

Question 35

Receptacle

Answer 35

Enlarged base upon which flowers rest

Question 36

Calyx

Answer 36

Collective sepals of a flower

Question 37

Primary growth

Answer 37

Increases height

Question 38

Secondary growth

Answer 38

Increases width

Question 39

One leaf per node on alternate sides

Answer 39

Alternate

Question 40

Two leaves per node on opposite sides

Answer 40

Opposite

Question 41

Leaves circle around node

Answer 41

Whorled

Question 42

Perfect flower

Answer 42

Has both male and female parts

Question 43

Imperfect flower

Answer 43

Has either male or female parts

Question 44

Monoecious

Answer 44

Having male and female organs on the same plant

Question 45

Monoecious examples

Answer 45

Squash, walnut, fig

Question 45

Dioecious

Answer 45

Having male and female flowers on separate plants

Question 46

Dioecious examples

Answer 46

ginkgos, willows, cannabis

Question 47

Inflorescence

Answer 47

the complete flower head of a plant including stems, stalks, bracts, and flowers; the arrangement of the flowers on a plant; the process of flowering.

Question 48

Drupe

Answer 48

Inner layer of the fruit is hard & stony & usually attached to the seed.

Question 49

Drupe examples

Answer 49

Peaches, nectarines, & other stone fruits

Question 50

Berry

Answer 50

Fruit with inner pulp that contains few to several seeds, but not pits.

Question 51

Berry examples

Answer 51

pomegranates, tomatoes, grapes, citrus fruit, bananas, pumpkins, and watermelon

Question 52

Pome

Answer 52

A fleshy fruit consisting of an outer thickened fleshy layer and a central core with seeds enclosed in a capsule.

Question 53

Pome examples

Answer 53

Apples, pears, quince

Question 54

Aggregate

Answer 54

Develops from the merging of several ovaries that were separated in a single flower.

Question 55

Aggregate examples

Answer 55

Strawberries, blackberries, raspberries

Question 56

Dehiscent

Answer 56

Fruit developed from a single carpel (a carpel is ONE stigma, style, & ovary “unit”): may split from only one side to release seeds.

Question 57

Indehiscent

Answer 57

Fruit (seed) that is dry at maturity & does not split open when ripe.

Question 58

Gravity

Answer 58

some plants drop their seeds in place

Question 59

Wind

Answer 59

Some plants use wind to spread their seeds.

Question 60

Water

Answer 60

Some seeds travel afar on water

Question 61

Ballistic

Answer 61

Some seeds heads burst open & throw the seeds like projectiles

Question 62

Animals

Answer 62

ome seeds are consumed (in fruit) & then deposited elsewhere (in poop). Some are carried & buried. Some hitchhike on fur! The dispersal of seeds by animals is called zoochory.

Question 63

Taproots

Answer 63

Primary root does not branch substantially and remains primary site of anchorage and absorption

Question 64

Fibrous

Answer 64

made up of many threadlike members of more or less equal length

Question 65

Adventitious

Answer 65

Grow from any tissue other than root tissue