Planning Theory Flashcards
1
Q
Rational Planning
A
- Set Goals
- Determine Alternatives
- Evaluate Alternatives
- Choose an Alternative
- Implement the Alternative
- Evaluate
- Assumes the planner has perfect knowledge of all the factors in a given situation.
- Cannot be used when we have “wicked problems”
- Does not specify who sets the goals.
- Dominant theory through the 1950’s
2
Q
Wicked Problems
A
Problems that are complicated and difficult to solve like homelessness.
3
Q
Incremental Planning
A
- Charles Lindblom - “The science of Muddling Through” (1959)
- People make their plans and decisions in an incremental manner, accomplishing their goals through a series of successive, limited comparisons.
- Planning in the real world is not rational and comprehensive, but instead disjointed and incremental
4
Q
Mixed Scanning
A
- Amitai Etizoni
- Compromise between rational and incremental planning theories
- Views planning decisions at 2 levels: Big picture and Small picture
- Assumes that there is a centralized decision-making process.
5
Q
Advocacy Planning
A
- Paul Davidoff (1960’s)
- Planners should represent special interest groups rather than acting for the good of the whole community
- Shifted for whom the planner plans, but did not change what the planner does; they still use rational and incremental approaches
- also related - “equity planning”
6
Q
Transactive Planning
A
- John Friedmann (1973); “Retracking America: A Theory of Transactive Planning:
- A way to get public more involved in the process
- Planner meets with indvidiuals in the community to discuss issues and help develop a plan
- “mutual learning”
- Takes a large amount of time
7
Q
Radical Planning
A
- John Friedmann (1987); “Planning in the Public Domain: From Knowledge to Action”
- Taking power from the government and giving it to the people
- Citizens get to develop their own plans
8
Q
Communicative Planning
A
- Current theory of choice among planners
- open planning that includes much more intensive participation process
