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AICP Planning History Timeline > Planning History > Flashcards

Planning History Flashcards

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1
Q

Ordinance of 1785

A

Provided for the rectangular land survey of the Old Northwest. The rectangular survey has been called the “largest single act of national planning in our history and…the most significant in terms of continuing impact on the body politic” Daniel Elazer

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2
Q

When was the first model tenement built

A

1855

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3
Q

Where was the first model tenement built

A

Manhattan

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4
Q

What was the Homestead Act

A

1862- opened the lands of the public domain to settlers for a nominal fee and five years residence

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5
Q

Who launched a campaign in 1864 to raise housing and sanitary standards

A

NY Council of Hygiene of the Citizens Association

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6
Q

What year was the first major tenement house law passed and what did it do?

A

1867 in NY. It restricted physical conditions

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7
Q

What city enacted the first zoning law restricting obnoxious uses? What year?

A

San Francisco, 1867

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8
Q

What year was the Dumbbell Tenement debut? What was it?

A

1879- A form of multifamily housing widely built in NY until the end of century and notorious for the poor living conditions it imposed on its denizens (lack of light, air, space)

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9
Q

Where was the first model industrial town, what years was it built and who designed it?

A

1880-1884, Pullman, IL, George Pullman

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10
Q

Who wrote How the Other Half Lives, What year, what was it about

A

Jacob Riis, 1890, reported on deplorable living conditions in NY

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11
Q

First survey recognizing problems of slums and cities

A

1892- survey federal government

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12
Q

What year was the World’s Columbian Exposition in Chicago, why was it important

A

1893- commemorated the 400th anniversary of the discovery of the New World. A source of the City Beautiful Movement and the urban planning profession

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13
Q

When was Tomorrow a Peaceful Path to Real Reform published, Who wrote it, what did it start?

A

1898-Ebenezer Howard, start of the Garden City Movement, reissued in 1902 as Garden Cities of Tomorrow

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14
Q

What year was the first state court support of restriction on height of buildings?

A

1899

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15
Q

What year was the NY State Tenement House Law passed and what did it do?

A

1901- legislative basis for the revision of city codes that outlawed tenements such as Dumbbell Tenements. Lawrence Veiller was the leading reformer.

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16
Q

What year was Letchworth constructed?

A

1903- First English Garden City, stimulus to New Town movement in America (Greenbelt Towns)

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17
Q

What year was the first local civic center plan developed, where and by whom?

A

1903- Cleveland, Daniel Burnham

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18
Q

What year was the first application of “City Beautiful” principles applied, what city, by whom?

A

1906-San Francisco, Burnham

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19
Q

When was the first comprehensive city survey done and where?

A

1907-Pittsburgh

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20
Q

When and where was the first official local planning board created?

A

1907- Hartford, CT

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21
Q

When and where was the first national planning conference?

A

1909- Washington, D.C.

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22
Q

First American Use of zoning to restrict future development. When and Where?

A

1909-Los Angeles creates multitude of zones

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23
Q

Where was the first State enabling act passed and what year?

A

1909- Wisconsin

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24
Q

What year was the Plan of Chicago developed and by whom? Why was it important?

A

1909-first metropolitan regional plan-by Dan Burnham

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25
Q

What year was the first American test of neighborhood ideas? Where?

A

1910- Forest Hill Gardens, Long Island, NY

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26
Q

What was the name of the First American textbook on planning, who wrote it, what year?

A

1913- Shurtleff- Carrying out the City Plan

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27
Q

When was the first private planning consultant firm created, by whom?

A

1913- NYC-George Ford and Ernest Goodrich (Technical Advisory Corporation)

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28
Q

What was the first state to enact mandatory referral of subdivision plats and what year?

A

1913-New Jersey

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29
Q

First State to make planning mandatory for local governments? What year?

A

1913- Massachusetts

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30
Q

What city employed the first full time planner? What year? Who?

A

1914- Newark, NJ- Harland Bartholomew

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31
Q

First State to institute extraterritorial mandatory referral of subdivision plats? What year?

A

1915- California

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32
Q

Who wrote Cities in Evolution, What year? what is the importance?

A

1915- Patrick Geddes- creates the foundation for regional planning theory

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33
Q

What year was the National Park Service created? Why?

A

1916- sole responsibility for conserving and preserving resources of special value

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34
Q

What year and where was the first comprehensive zoning resolution adopted?

A

1916- NYC- Board of Estimates, by George McAneny and Edward Bassett, known as the father of Zoning

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35
Q

What year was Planning of the Modern City published? Who wrote it?

A

1916- Nelson Lewis

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36
Q

What year was the first federal aid highway act?

A

1916

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37
Q

When and where was the first regional functional authority plan adopted?

A

1916- Miami Conservancy District, Ohio

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38
Q

What year was the American City Planning Institute formed? Who was the first president?

A

1917- Frederick Olmstead

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39
Q

Name three early unifunctional regional authorities from 1919

A

Metropolitan Sewerage Commission, Metropolitan Water Board and Metropolitan Park Commission combined to form Boston Metropolitan District Commission

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40
Q

When and where was the first parkway in America completed?

A

1919- Bronx River Parkway, NY

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41
Q

When and where was the first statewide citizens organization in support of planning?

A

1919- Ohio Planning Conference (model for ASPO in 1934)

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42
Q

When and where were the first historic preservation commissions created?

A

1921- New Orleans creates Vieux Commission

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43
Q

When and where was the first bi-state functional authority created?

A

1921- Port of NEw York Authority

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44
Q

What year was the inauguration of the Regional Plan of New York created and by whom?

A

1922- Thomas Adams

45
Q

When and where was the first regional planning commission created?

A

1922- Los Angeles- first of its kind in US

46
Q

When and where was the first suburban auto-oriented shopping center created?

A

1922- Kansas City Missouri, County Club Plaza

47
Q

What year and what US department issued the Standard State Zoning Enabling ACt?

A

1928- US Dept of Commerce- Herbert Hoover

48
Q

What year and what city was the first to officially endorse a comprehensive plan?

A

1925- Cincinnati, Ohio- Alfred Bettman

49
Q

Who wrote Concentric Zone, when was it published and what did it do

A

1925- Ernest Burgess- model of urban structure and land use

50
Q

When and where was the first comprehensive plan adopted by a planning board?

A

1925- Cincinnati, Ohio

51
Q

When and where was the first public subsidy for housing?

A

1926- State of New York

52
Q

What case and what year was the constitutionality of comprehensive zoning upheld by the Supreme Court

A

1926- Euclid v. Amber Realty

53
Q

When and where was the first “new town” built

A

1928-Radburn, NJ

54
Q

When and where was Clarence Perry’s monograph on the Neighborhood Unit published

A

1929- Volume VII Regional Survey of New York and its Environs

55
Q

What year did the stock market crash and Great Depression start? relevance to planning?

A

1929- fosters ideas of public planning on a national scale

56
Q

What year was the National Land Utilization Conference and why is it important?

A

1931-Chicago- 300 agricultural experts deliberated on rural recovery programs and natural resource conservation

57
Q

What year was FDR inaugurated and what happened?

A

1933- New Deal begins with a spate of counter-depression measures

58
Q

What year was the Federal Emergency Relief Adminsitration set up, by whom and for what?

A

1933- Harry Hopkins- organize relief work in urban and rural areas

59
Q

What year was the Home Owners Loan Corporation established and what did it do?

A

1933- established to save homeowners facing loss through foreclosure

60
Q

What year was the Tennessee Valley Authority created and why is it important?

A

1933- created to provide for unified and multipurpose rehabilitation and redevelopment of the Tennessee Valley. Most famous experiment in river-basin planning. Senator George Norris of Nebraska fathered the idea. First large scale regional program in integrated economic, social, and physical development planing by the federal government

61
Q

When was the First US National Planning Board created and when was it abolished

A

1933- abolished in 1943 as the Natural Resources Planning Board

62
Q

What year was the National Housing Act established and what did it do?

A

1934- Established FSLIC for insuring savings deposits and the FHA for insuring individual home mortgages

63
Q

What year was the American Society of Planning Officials founded and by whom?

A

1934- Alfred Bettman first president

64
Q

what year was the first federally built housing for the general population

A

1934

65
Q

What year was the Resettlement Administration established and for what?

A

1935- Rexford Tugwell, Roosevelt’s braintruster, to carry out experiments in land reform and population resettlement. Built Greenbelt, MD and Greenhills, OH.

66
Q

What were the first federally built new towns called and when were they built?

A

1935-37: called greenbelt towns

67
Q

What year was the US Housing Act passed and why is it important

A

1937- first major federal legislative commitment to public housing

68
Q

Who is Homer Hoyt and why is he important

A

1939- wrote influential “sector theory” of urban structures in his monograph “The Structure and Growth of Residential Neighborhoods in American Cities”

69
Q

What year was ACPI renamed and to what?

A

1939- American Institute of Planners (AIP)

70
Q

What year was the Servicemen’s Readjustment Act passed and what did it do?

A

1944- guaranteed loans for homes to veterans under favorable terms accelerating growth of suburbs

71
Q

When and where was the first state redevelopment act passed?

A

1945- Pennsylvania

72
Q

What year did the construction of Park Forest, IL and Levittown, NY begin

A

1947

73
Q

What was the first american city to adopt a new comprehensive plan following WW II and what year

A

1948- Cincinatti

74
Q

When was the first comprehensive housing legislation passed?

A

1949- Wagner-Ellender-Taft Bill- Housing Act- aimed to construct 80,000 units. Inaugurated urban redevelopment program

75
Q

What year was the National Trust for Historic Preservation Created

A

1949- chartered by Congress

76
Q

What year was the first US federal urban redevelopment program passed

A

1949- clearance program

77
Q

Berman v. Parker

A

1954- Supreme Court upholds rights of Washington, D.C. redevelopment land agency to condemn properties that are unsightly though non-deteriorated if required to achieve objectives of duly established area redevelopment plan

78
Q

When and where does the Council of Governments movement begin?

A

1954- COG’s begin in Detroit area.

79
Q

What was the US House Act of 1954

A

First US federal conservation and rehabilitation program, first federal 50/50 funding for preparation of general plans (701)

80
Q

Who wrote Image of the City and what year

A

1960- Kevin Lynch- defines basic elements of a city’s imageability (paths, nodes, edges, etc)

81
Q

When and where was the first state wide zoning instituted?

A

1961- Hawaii

82
Q

Who wrote the Death and Life of Great American Cities

A

1961- Jane Jacobs- critique of planning and planners, urban renewal

83
Q

What year was the first federal housing subsidy program

A

1961

84
Q

When and where was the first flexible zoning ordinance introduced

A

1961- NYC-

85
Q

When was Columbia Maryland built

A

1963- featured class integration and the neighborhood principle

86
Q

What year was the Civil Rights Act passed and what did it do

A

1964- outlaws discrimination based on race, creed, and national origin in places of public accomodation

87
Q

Who wrote the Urban General Plan, what year

A

1964- TJ Kent

88
Q

When was HUD created

A

1965- Housing and Urban Development

89
Q

Who the first secretary of HUD

A

Robert Weaver

90
Q

What year was the National Historic Preservation Act passed

A

1966- established National Register of Historic Places- provides for the protection of preservation worthy sites and properties threatened by federal activities.

91
Q

What year did the Demonstration Cities and Metropolitan Development Act launch?

A

1966- model cities program- interdisciplinary attack on urban blight and poverty. Centerpiece of Lyndon Johnsons Great Society program

92
Q

When and who published Design with Nature

A

1969- Ian McHarg- linking planning to the natural environment

93
Q

What was the National Environmental Policy Act

A

1969- requires and environmental impact statement for every federal or federally aided state or local major action that might significantly harm the environment

94
Q

When was the Federal Environmental Protection Agency established

A

1970- administer main provisions of Clean Air Act of 1970

95
Q

When and where was the introduction of the transfer of development rights

A

1971- Chicago

96
Q

Golden v. Planning Board of Ramapo

A

1972- NY High Court allows the use of performance criteria as a means to slow community growth

97
Q

When was the first federal revenue sharing program

A

1972

98
Q

When was the first national land-use legislation introduced

A

1972- it was aborted, introduced by Senator Jackson

99
Q

When and where was the first rapid transit system built

A

1972- BART- Bay Area Rapid Transit in San Francisco Bay Area

100
Q

Housing and Community Development ACt

A

1974- replaces the categorical grant with the block grant as the principal form of federal aid for local community development

101
Q

When was APA created and what groups merged to form it?

A

1978- AIP and ASPO

102
Q

Penn Central Transportation Co v. City of New York

A

1978- US Supreme Court upholds NY Citys landmark preservation law as applied to grand central terminal. The Court found that barring some development of air rights was not a taking when the interior of the property could be put to lucrative use

103
Q

Regan Revolution

A

1980- planning profession challenged to adapt to a new policy environment: reduce federal domestic spending, privatization, deregulation. phase out some earlier aids to planning and planning programs

104
Q

Mt Laurel NJ case

A

1983- all 567 municipalities in the state must build their fair share of affordable housing. decision against racial segregation

105
Q

nollan v. california coastal commission

A

land use restrictions to be valid must be tied directly to a specific public purpose

106
Q

Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act

A

1991- ISTEA- provisions for a National Scenic Byways Program and for transportation enhancements, each of which includes a historic preservation component. first federal transportation law to mandate planning

107
Q

lucas v. south carolina coastal council

A

1992- supreme court limits local and state governments ability to restrict private property without compensation

108
Q

dolan v. city of tigard

A

1994- rules that a jurisdiction must show there is a rough proportionality between the adverse impacts of a proposed development and the exactions it wishes to impose on the developer

109
Q

president clinton creates how many new national monuments in 2000

A

8 in 5 states- Canyons of Ancients, Cascade-Siskiyou, Hanford Reach, Ironwood Forest Grand Canyon-Parashaunt, Agua Fria, Grand Sequoia, California Coastal.

AICP Planning History Timeline (1 decks)

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