Planning History Flashcards
1
Q
Who was Saul Alinsky and why was he notable?
A
- Wrote Rules for Radicals
- Active in 1960s
- Community Organizer in Chicago
- Used disruption as an advocay tactic
2
Q
What was the L’Enfant plan, when/where was it created, and what was its long-term influence?
A
- Created in 1790
- George Washington invited Pierre L’Enfant (an architect) to create the plan
- Centerpiece focused on a “public walk”, now the National Mall
- Was a plan for a metropolis in an rural area
- Plan wasn’t readily adopted but was updated in 1901 by the McMillan Commission to redevelop the National Mall
3
Q
Why is Andrew Ellicott relevant to planning?
A
- Led the survey of Washington in 1780s-90s
- Revised and was credited for the first plan for the federal district, taking over from Pierre L’Enfant
4
Q
Why was Benjamin Banneker relevant to planning?
A
Allegedly assisted Andrew Ellicot with a survey of area that would become Washington DC
5
Q
Who was Ian McHarg, what book did he write and how did his ideas influence planning?
A
- Scottish landscape architect
- Published Design with Nature in 1969
- Used suitability analysis technique to overlay different aspects of the natural landscape to identify appropriate land uses for specific areas
- Pioneered ecological planning, considering natural features in city plans
- Original codesigner of the Woodlands (TX)
6
Q
What was the L’Enfant Plan, when was it created, and what was its impact?
A
- Created in 1790
- George Washington invited Pierre L’Enfant (an architect) to create the plan, then dismissed him in 1792
- Centerpiece focused on a “public walk”, now the National Mall
- Was a plan for a metropolis in an rural area
- Plan wasn’t readily adopted but was updated in 1901 by the McMillan Commission to redevelop the National Mall
7
Q
Who was Saul Alinsky and what was he known for?
A
- Wrote Rules for Radicals
- Active in 1960s
- Community Organizer in Chicago
- Used disruption as an advocacy tactic
8
Q
New Urbanism
A
- Arose in 1980
- Reaction to urban sprawl and post WWII suburban development
- Planning and development approach that values walkable blocks and streets, housing and shopping near each other, and accessible public spaces
- Seaside, Florida was the first New Urbanist town
9
Q
Traditional Neighborhood Design (TND)
A
- Form of development zoning that values compact, mixed use neighborhoods, associated with New Urbanism
- Could either be complete neighborhoods or infill developments
10
Q
Peter Calthorpe
A
- Founding member of Congress for New Urbanism
- Developed concept of Transit Oriented Development (TOD) in early 90s
11
Q
Form-based code
A
- Type of development regulation
- Emerged towards end of 20th century
- Alternative to Euclidean zoning
- Response to urban sprawl, pedestrian safety concerns, loss of historic neighborhoods
- First used in Seaside, Florida
12
Q
First zoning code
A
- 1916 in New York City
- Developed by Edward Bassett and George McAneny
- Regulated building shape rather than height
- Focused on ensuring light and air would reach sidewalks
13
Q
Neotraditional town model
A
- Associated with New Urbanism
- Create neighorhoods similar to pre-WWII era downtowns
- Associated with Andres Duany and Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk and Peter Calthorpe
14
Q
City Beautiful
A
- Planning movement between 1890s and 1920s
- comprehensive planning arose from this movement
- called for design to promote civic pride and engagement but didn’t meaningfully address social issues beyond design improvements
- associated with Cleveland, Chicago, San Francisco, St. Paul, and Washington, DC (first plan carried out in 1902)
- associated with Daniel Burnham and the 1893 Columbian Exposition in Chicago
- wanted to replicate European design traditions via loose adaptation of Classical architecture
15
Q
Daniel Burnham
A
- Architect associated with the City Beautiful Movment and the 1893 Columbian Exposition in Chicago
- wanted to replicate European design traditions
16
Q
Radiant City
A
- created by Le Corbusier
- design movement from the 1920s that wanted to achieve a linear and ordered metropolis
- conceptualized like a living organism with organized parts that would work together as a whole
- consisted of vertical architecture and large shared open spaces (described as “Towers in the Park”, associated with Stuyvesant Town in NYC)
17
Q
Garden Cities
A
- 20th century planning movement first proposed by Ebenezer Howard
- promoted satellite communities surrounding a central city and separated by greenbelts
- cities would be self-cufficient but linked to other garden cities
- would provide the working classes with an alternative to life in crowded cities
- iconic cities include New Rochelle, NY, and Greenbelt planned towns of Greendale, WI, Greenbelt, MD, and Greenhills, OH
- people involved
