PLANNING Flashcards
First FYP
(1951 - 56)
influx of refugees, severe food shortage & mounting inflation confronted the
country
Focus on 1) agriculture, with an emphasis on food self-sufficiency; 2) development of basic industries such as steel, coal, and power generation; =3) infrastructure development.
Second FYP
Second Plan (1956 - 61) prepared by Prof. PC Mahalanobis
Expansion of heavy industries, establishment of steel plants and major infrastructure projects, improvement in agricultural productivity, and development of education and healthcare sectors.
decentralized cottage industries for job creation
import substitution
Bombay School of thought
C. N. Vakil and P. R. Brahmanand. Surplus labour to produce “wage goods”, or simple consumer goods -it would eventually consume with the wages it earned in producing the goods.
Sarvodaya Plan
Jayaprakash Narayan in 1950 and emphasised 1) small and cotton industries alongside agriculture and suggested freedom from foreign technology. 2) It also stressed upon land reforms.
Bombay Plan:
Proposed by a group of industrialists including JRD Tata, GD Birla and others in 1944, it proposed presence of Govt. in the core sectors of economy without diminishing the role of private sector.
People’s Plan:
This plan was drafted by M. N. Roy in 1945 and gave greatest priority to agricultural production. It also emphasized on manufacture of consumer goods and development of communication and transport network.
Gandhian Plan:
In 1944, Sriman Narayan Agarwal authored The Gandhian Plan, in which he emphasized the promotion of agriculture and village and cottage industries based on Gandhian economic ideas.
Third FYP
(1961 - 66) At its conception, it was felt that Indian economy has entered a “take-off stage”. Therefore, its aim was to make India a ‘self-reliant’ and ‘self- generating’ economy.
Based on the experience of first two plans, agriculture was given top priority to support the exports and industry.
Plan holiday.
(1966-69) aftermath of Chinese aggression (1962), Indo-Pak war (1965), severe drought 1965-66. Green Revolution, devaluation of rupee (to boost exports)
Fourth FYPlan
1969-1974 Refusal of supply of essential equipments and raw materials from the allies during Indo Pak war resulted in twin objectives of “growth with stability“ and “progressive achievement of self-reliance “ for the Fourth Plan. Main emphasis was on growth rate of agriculture
Fifth Plan
(1974-79) D.P. Dhar in the backdrop of economic crisis arising out of run-away inflation fuelled by hike in oil prices and failure of the Govt. takeover of the wholesale trade in wheat.
It proposed to achieve two main objectives: ‘removal of poverty’ (Garibi Hatao) and ‘attainment of self-reliance’
Rolling Plan
Rolling Plan There were 2 Sixth Plans. Janta Govt. put forward a plan (1978 - 80). Focus on employment
Sixth Plan
(1980 - 85) The Plan focussed on Increase in national income, modernization of technology, ensuring continuous decrease in poverty and unemployment
Seventh Plan
(1985 - 90) ‘food, work & productivity’.
8th FYP
1992-1997 LPG
9th FYP
(1997- 2002) United Front Government focussed on “Growth with Social Justice & Equality”. Ninth Plan aimed to depend predominantly on the private sector – Indian as well as foreign (FDI) & State was envisaged to increasingly play the role of facilitator & increasingly involve itself with social sector viz education, health etc and infrastructure where private sector participation was likely to be limited.
10th FYP
(2002 - 2007) The targets included reduction in gender gaps in literacy and wage rate, reduction in Infant & maternal mortality rates, improvement in literacy, access to potable drinking water cleaning of major polluted rivers, etc. Governance was considered as factor of development & agriculture was declared as prime moving force of the economy.
11th FYP
(2007 - 2012) Eleventh Plan was aimed “Towards Faster & More Inclusive Growth” India had emerged as one of the fastest growing economies by the end of the Tenth Plan. The savings and investment rates had increased, industrial sector had responded well to face competition in the global economy and foreign investors were keen to invest in India. But the growth was not perceived as sufficiently inclusive for many groups, specially SCs, STs & minorities as borne out by data on several dimensions like poverty, malnutrition, mortality, current daily employment etc.
12th FYP
(2012 - 2017) reflected in the subtitle: ‘Faster, Sustainable, and More Inclusive Growth’.
