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Science 7 > Planet Earth Units 1-3 key terms > Flashcards

Planet Earth Units 1-3 key terms Flashcards

1
Q

Is made up of more than one mineral

A

Rock

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2
Q

A pure natural occurring nonliving crystalline mineral

A

Minerals

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3
Q

The outer most layer of Earth

A

Crust

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4
Q

A pure substance

A

Element

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5
Q

Seven clues to identify minerals

A

Mohs hardness scale

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6
Q

Formation occurs naturally have straight edges flat sides and regular angles

A

Crystals

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7
Q

Shine on the minerals the more ________ there is the more light reflects off the mineral

A

Lustre

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8
Q

Mineral can be a clue to its identity _______ is one of the most attractive properties of a mineral.

A

Colour

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9
Q

When a mineral is rubbed across a piece of unglazed porcelain tile and leaves a _________.

A

Streak

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10
Q

Five clues to mineral identification

A
  1. Lustre
  2. Colour
  3. Streak
  4. Cleavage
  5. Fracture
  6. Crystal
  7. Mohs Hardness scale
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11
Q

Is a property that means it breaks along flat or smooth surfaces or plains

A

Cleavage

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12
Q

Minerals that break with rough or jagged edges

A

Fracture

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13
Q

Allowing light pass-through so that objects behind can be seen distinctively

A

Transparent

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14
Q

Allowing light, but not detailed shapes to pass through

A

Translucent

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15
Q

Not able to see through

A

Opaque

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16
Q

Three major rock families

A
  1. Igneous rock
  2. Metamorphic rock
  3. Sedimentary rock
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17
Q

Forms when hot magma or lava cools and solidifies

A

Igneous rock

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18
Q

Melted rock down below earths crust, where temperatures and pressures are very high

A

Magma

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19
Q

Magma cools and hardens below earths surface

Example: granite

A

Intrusive rock

20
Q

When magma breaks through the earths surface, in the form of a volcanic irruption, it is called
_________.

A

Lava

21
Q

Formed when lava cools and hardens on earth’s surface Example: Obsidian

A

Extrusive rock

22
Q

Made up of loose material such as bits of rock minerals, and plants and animal remains.(type of rock)

A

Sedimentary rock

23
Q

Loose material, Such as bits of rock minerals plants and animal remains.

A

Sediment

24
Q

Sediments closely packed in layers and cemented together. This arrangement of visible layers is called __________.

A

Stratification

25
Q

Process of which set a Mentry rock is formed from sediment takes a long time and requires pressure from water and other sediments

A

Compaction

26
Q

Some rocks, minerals dissolve as water soaks into the rocks forming a natural cement that sticks the large are parts of sediment together.

A

Cementation

27
Q

Change form, formed from pressure and heat

A

Metamorphic rock

28
Q

Below the earth surface extremely high pressure and heat cause the original rock or _______________to change and form

A

Parent rock

29
Q

Rock cycle

A

Goes around and around how rocks are formed

30
Q

Decayed organic broken down material

A

Compost

31
Q

the dark organic material in soils, produced by the decomposition of vegetable or animal matter and essential to the fertility of the earth.

A

Humus

32
Q

Rich soil

A

Fertile

33
Q

Do you are the different layers that make up soil

A

Soil profile

34
Q

Top layer of soil which is often rich and water and nutrients

A

Topsoil

35
Q

is the removal of soil material dissolved in water ( coffee filter )

A

Leaching

36
Q

Movement of rock and mineral grains from one place to another

A

Erosion

37
Q

Process in which rocks are broken down

A

Weathering

38
Q

Three ways rocks can be weathered

A

Mechanical weathering, chemical weathering, biological weathering

39
Q

Physical break up of rock particles through Wynn water ice pushing pulling or splitting rock a part

A

Mechanical weathering

40
Q

Down of minerals and rocks through chemical reaction

A

Chemical Weathering

41
Q

When living organisms break down rock

A

Biological weathering

42
Q

Water gets in the cracks and overtime freezes and makes big crack

A

Frost wedging

43
Q

Part of the process responsible for building up

A

Sedimentation

44
Q

Wearing down of rocks by wind ice waves and running water

A

Abrasion

45
Q

Great marks indicate the presence of a glacier. Notice smooth polish

A

Striation

Science 7 (3 decks)

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