Planet Earth Units 1-3 key terms Flashcards
Is made up of more than one mineral
Rock
A pure natural occurring nonliving crystalline mineral
Minerals
The outer most layer of Earth
Crust
A pure substance
Element
Seven clues to identify minerals
Mohs hardness scale
Formation occurs naturally have straight edges flat sides and regular angles
Crystals
Shine on the minerals the more ________ there is the more light reflects off the mineral
Lustre
Mineral can be a clue to its identity _______ is one of the most attractive properties of a mineral.
Colour
When a mineral is rubbed across a piece of unglazed porcelain tile and leaves a _________.
Streak
Five clues to mineral identification
- Lustre
- Colour
- Streak
- Cleavage
- Fracture
- Crystal
- Mohs Hardness scale
Is a property that means it breaks along flat or smooth surfaces or plains
Cleavage
Minerals that break with rough or jagged edges
Fracture
Allowing light pass-through so that objects behind can be seen distinctively
Transparent
Allowing light, but not detailed shapes to pass through
Translucent
Not able to see through
Opaque
Three major rock families
- Igneous rock
- Metamorphic rock
- Sedimentary rock
Forms when hot magma or lava cools and solidifies
Igneous rock
Melted rock down below earths crust, where temperatures and pressures are very high
Magma
Magma cools and hardens below earths surface
Example: granite
Intrusive rock
When magma breaks through the earths surface, in the form of a volcanic irruption, it is called
_________.
Lava
Formed when lava cools and hardens on earth’s surface Example: Obsidian
Extrusive rock
Made up of loose material such as bits of rock minerals, and plants and animal remains.(type of rock)
Sedimentary rock
Loose material, Such as bits of rock minerals plants and animal remains.
Sediment
Sediments closely packed in layers and cemented together. This arrangement of visible layers is called __________.
Stratification
Process of which set a Mentry rock is formed from sediment takes a long time and requires pressure from water and other sediments
Compaction
Some rocks, minerals dissolve as water soaks into the rocks forming a natural cement that sticks the large are parts of sediment together.
Cementation
Change form, formed from pressure and heat
Metamorphic rock
Below the earth surface extremely high pressure and heat cause the original rock or _______________to change and form
Parent rock
Rock cycle
Goes around and around how rocks are formed
Decayed organic broken down material
Compost
the dark organic material in soils, produced by the decomposition of vegetable or animal matter and essential to the fertility of the earth.
Humus
Rich soil
Fertile
Do you are the different layers that make up soil
Soil profile
Top layer of soil which is often rich and water and nutrients
Topsoil
is the removal of soil material dissolved in water ( coffee filter )
Leaching
Movement of rock and mineral grains from one place to another
Erosion
Process in which rocks are broken down
Weathering
Three ways rocks can be weathered
Mechanical weathering, chemical weathering, biological weathering
Physical break up of rock particles through Wynn water ice pushing pulling or splitting rock a part
Mechanical weathering
Down of minerals and rocks through chemical reaction
Chemical Weathering
When living organisms break down rock
Biological weathering
Water gets in the cracks and overtime freezes and makes big crack
Frost wedging
Part of the process responsible for building up
Sedimentation
Wearing down of rocks by wind ice waves and running water
Abrasion
Great marks indicate the presence of a glacier. Notice smooth polish
Striation
