Planet Earth Units 1-3 key terms

Question 1

Is made up of more than one mineral

Answer 1

Rock

Question 2

A pure natural occurring nonliving crystalline mineral

Answer 2

Minerals

Question 3

The outer most layer of Earth

Answer 3

Crust

Question 4

A pure substance

Answer 4

Element

Question 5

Seven clues to identify minerals

Answer 5

Mohs hardness scale

Question 6

Formation occurs naturally have straight edges flat sides and regular angles

Answer 6

Crystals

Question 7

Shine on the minerals the more ________ there is the more light reflects off the mineral

Answer 7

Lustre

Question 8

Mineral can be a clue to its identity _______ is one of the most attractive properties of a mineral.

Answer 8

Colour

Question 9

When a mineral is rubbed across a piece of unglazed porcelain tile and leaves a _________.

Answer 9

Streak

Question 10

Five clues to mineral identification

Answer 10

1. Lustre
2. Colour
3. Streak
4. Cleavage
5. Fracture
6. Crystal
7. Mohs Hardness scale

Question 11

Is a property that means it breaks along flat or smooth surfaces or plains

Answer 11

Cleavage

Question 12

Minerals that break with rough or jagged edges

Answer 12

Fracture

Question 13

Allowing light pass-through so that objects behind can be seen distinctively

Answer 13

Transparent

Question 14

Allowing light, but not detailed shapes to pass through

Answer 14

Translucent

Question 15

Not able to see through

Answer 15

Opaque

Question 16

Three major rock families

Answer 16

1. Igneous rock
2. Metamorphic rock
3. Sedimentary rock

Question 17

Forms when hot magma or lava cools and solidifies

Answer 17

Igneous rock

Question 18

Melted rock down below earths crust, where temperatures and pressures are very high

Answer 18

Magma

Question 19

Magma cools and hardens below earths surface

Example: granite

Answer 19

Intrusive rock

Question 20

When magma breaks through the earths surface, in the form of a volcanic irruption, it is called
_________.

Answer 20

Lava

Question 21

Formed when lava cools and hardens on earth’s surface Example: Obsidian

Answer 21

Extrusive rock

Question 22

Made up of loose material such as bits of rock minerals, and plants and animal remains.(type of rock)

Answer 22

Sedimentary rock

Question 23

Loose material, Such as bits of rock minerals plants and animal remains.

Answer 23

Sediment

Question 24

Sediments closely packed in layers and cemented together. This arrangement of visible layers is called __________.

Answer 24

Stratification

Question 25

Process of which set a Mentry rock is formed from sediment takes a long time and requires pressure from water and other sediments

Answer 25

Compaction

Question 26

Some rocks, minerals dissolve as water soaks into the rocks forming a natural cement that sticks the large are parts of sediment together.

Answer 26

Cementation

Question 27

Change form, formed from pressure and heat

Answer 27

Metamorphic rock

Question 28

Below the earth surface extremely high pressure and heat cause the original rock or _______________to change and form

Answer 28

Parent rock

Question 29

Rock cycle

Answer 29

Goes around and around how rocks are formed

Question 30

Decayed organic broken down material

Answer 30

Compost

Question 31

the dark organic material in soils, produced by the decomposition of vegetable or animal matter and essential to the fertility of the earth.

Answer 31

Humus

Question 32

Rich soil

Answer 32

Fertile

Question 33

Do you are the different layers that make up soil

Answer 33

Soil profile

Question 34

Top layer of soil which is often rich and water and nutrients

Answer 34

Topsoil

Question 35

is the removal of soil material dissolved in water ( coffee filter )

Answer 35

Leaching

Question 36

Movement of rock and mineral grains from one place to another

Answer 36

Erosion

Question 37

Process in which rocks are broken down

Answer 37

Weathering

Question 38

Three ways rocks can be weathered

Answer 38

Mechanical weathering, chemical weathering, biological weathering

Question 39

Physical break up of rock particles through Wynn water ice pushing pulling or splitting rock a part

Answer 39

Mechanical weathering

Question 40

Down of minerals and rocks through chemical reaction

Answer 40

Chemical Weathering

Question 41

When living organisms break down rock

Answer 41

Biological weathering

Question 42

Water gets in the cracks and overtime freezes and makes big crack

Answer 42

Frost wedging

Question 43

Part of the process responsible for building up

Answer 43

Sedimentation

Question 44

Wearing down of rocks by wind ice waves and running water

Answer 44

Abrasion

Question 45

Great marks indicate the presence of a glacier. Notice smooth polish

Answer 45

Striation