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Science Grade 7 to Midterm (Interactions and Planet Earth) > Planet Earth Key Terms > Flashcards

Planet Earth Key Terms Flashcards

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1
Q

Rock

A

Made up of more than one material

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2
Q

Mineral

A

A pure, naturally occurring, non-living crystalline material

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3
Q

Crust

A

The outermost layer of the Earth

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4
Q

Element

A

A pure substance

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5
Q

Mohs Hardness Scale

A

A scale that measures the hardness of minerals

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6
Q

Crystals

A

The building block material; crystals occur naturally

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7
Q

Lustre

A

The shine of a mineral

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8
Q

Color

A

The color of a mineral

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9
Q

Streak

A

When a mineral is rubbed across a porcelain tile it leaves a streak

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10
Q

Cleavage

A

Minerals that break on smooth or flat surfaces

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11
Q

Fracture

A

Minerals that break on rough or jagged surfaces

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12
Q

Igneous Rock

A

When magma or lava cools or solidifies

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13
Q

Magma

A

Melted rock under the crust

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14
Q

Lava

A

Melted rock above the crust

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15
Q

Intrusive Rock

A

Magma cools and hardens

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16
Q

Extrusive Rock

A

Lava cools and hardens

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17
Q

Sedimentary Rock

A

When loose material is compacted into sediments

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18
Q

Sediment

A

Loose material such as bits of rock, minerals and plant or animal matter

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19
Q

Stratification

A

the arrangement of sedimentary rock in visible layers

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20
Q

Compaction

A

Takes a long time and requires pressure and water and other sediments

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21
Q

Cementation

A

A process by which particles are held together by

another material

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22
Q

Metamorphic Rock

A

a type of rock made when high pressure and heat

act on another type of rock and change it into a new form

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23
Q

Mantle

A

The middle layer of the Earth

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24
Q

Outer Core

A

The layer between the mantle and the core

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25
Q

Inner Core

A

The center of the Earth

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26
Q

Continental Drift

A

The movement of the continents

27
Q

Sea Floor Spreading

A

The process in which the a ocean floor slowly increases due to the making of new igneous rock

28
Q

SONAR

A

Sound Navigation and Ranging. It is used to study the surface at the bottom of the ocean

29
Q

Plates

A

Large sections of the Earths crust

30
Q

The Theory of Plate Tectonics

A

These plates are always moving due to convection currents

31
Q

Converging Plates

A

Tectonic plates coming together

32
Q

Diverging Plates

A

Tectonic plates being pulled apart

33
Q

Evidence of Continental Drift

A

Biological evidence, Geological evidence and similarities in rocks

34
Q

Convection Currents

A

The hottest magma in the Mantle rising and sliding against the tectonic plates moving them

35
Q

Subduction Zones

A

When two plates converge, one is shoved underneath the other

36
Q

Seismograph

A

A machine the measures seismic waves

37
Q

Bedrock

A

Solid rock underlying loose deposits

38
Q

Richter Scale

A

A scale that shows the magnitude of a earthquake

39
Q

Seismic Waves

A

A wave produced by a earthquake

40
Q

Primary Waves

A

Fastest, least amount of damage, pass through all liquid/solid/gas

41
Q

Secondary Waves

A

Medium damage, medium speed, pass through solids

42
Q

Surface Waves

A

Largest damage, slow speed, pass through solids

43
Q

Focus

A

Where earthquake occurs. Under the Earths crust

44
Q

Fault

A

Rock is under pressure if the pressure causing the rock to bend or stretch and if the pressure is too great and the rock breaks, that creates a fault

45
Q

Normal Faults

A

Diverging, tension, valleys will form

46
Q

Reverse Faults

A

Converging, compression (subdution zones)

47
Q

Strike-Slip Fault or Transform Fault

A

Shear, stretch and twist

48
Q

Aftershocks

A

A smaller earthquake following the main shock of a large earthquake

49
Q

Epicenter

A

Right above the focus on the Earths surface

50
Q

Vents

A

Openings in volcanoes

51
Q

Dormant

A

When a volcano is inactive

52
Q

Ring of Fire

A

This is the name of the ring of volcanoes surrounding the Pacific Ocean

53
Q

Anticline

A

Top part of a fold ( mountains )

54
Q

Syncline

A

Bottom part of fold ( mountains )

55
Q

Thrust Faulting

A

When low angling rock is thrust together

56
Q

Fault Blocking

A

When plates diverge and blocks of rock fall creating valleys

57
Q

Complex Mountains

A

A variety of types of mountains

58
Q

Petrified

A

When water penetrates the bones of dead animal matter turning it into a rock like substance

59
Q

Carbonaceous Film

A

Type of fossil found in any rock when organic material is compressed, leaving only a thin carbon film

60
Q

Cast

A

Type of fossil in which sediments are formed a mould and hardened into rock

61
Q

Mould

A

A mould is a cavity left in a rock from the original remains

62
Q

Trace Fossils

A

Evidence of activity

63
Q

Original Remains

A

Part of organism preserved in resin or ice

Science Grade 7 to Midterm (Interactions and Planet Earth) (2 decks)

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