Planet Earth 4-7 Flashcards
What are the 4 layers of the Earth?
Crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core
What is the crust?
Outer part that we walk on, also where we mine minerals from.
Thinnest layer.
What is the mantle?
Made of rock material.
Lower mantle is partly melted.
Thickest layer.
What is the outer core?
Liquid iron and nickel at 5000° C.
Second thickest layer.
What is the inner core?
Intense pressure from al the other layers.
A solid ball at 6000°C.
The second thinnest layer.
What is the biological evidence for continental drift?
Fossils of dinosaurs that can’t swim have been found on different continents.
What is the evidence of continental drift found in rocks?
Geologists have found similarities in rocks on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean.
What are converging plates?
Plates moving together
What are diverging plates?
Plates moving apart
What is a seismograph?
A machine used to measure earthquakes
What is the Richter scale used for?
Used to measure the magnitude or intensity of an earthquake
What are seismic waves?
Energy waves that travel outward from the source of the earthquake
What are aftershocks?
Smaller earthquakes occurring after the main earthquake
What are primary or p waves?
Fastest type of earthquake waves.
Can pass through solid, liquid,and gas.
Cause a slight vibration.
Warning an earthquake is coming.
What are secondary or s waves?
Earthquake waves that travel slower than primary waves.
Can only pass through solids.
What are surface waves?
The slowest type of earthquake waves.
Rolling motion that breaks structures.
Do the most damage.
What is the focus?
The place deep in the Earth’s crust where an earthquake begins.
Where the primary and secondary waves come from.
What is the epicentre.
Surface location directly above the focus.
Surface waves travel out from here.
What is a fault?
When the pressure is too great and causes rock to break suddenly.
Where do fault zones exist?
Where tectonic plates meet.
What is a normal fault?
When tension force causes stretching.
Plates are moving apart.
Rocks above fault moves downward.
What are reverse faults?
A compression force.
Plates are moving towards each other.
Rock above the fault is moved upward.
What is a strike slip or transform fault?
Shear force that causes slipping.
Plates are moving sideways past each other.
What is a vent
?
The openings of volcanoes
What does dormant mean?
When volcanoes are not active
How are volcanoes formed?
Formed when rocks surfaces below the Earth’s crust push against each other.
What is ring of fire?
Volcanoes around the pacific ocean
How are mountain formations formed?
Made due to heating or uplifting of plates
What is an anticline?
Upwards folded rock
What is a syncline?
Bottom of the fold of rock
What is thrust faulting?
Sedimentary rock could move up and over, like shingles of a roof
What do young mountains look like?
Jagged on the top
What do old mountains look like?
More rounded on the top
