Planet Earth 4-7

Question 1

What are the 4 layers of the Earth?

Answer 1

Crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core

Question 2

What is the crust?

Answer 2

Outer part that we walk on, also where we mine minerals from.
Thinnest layer.

Question 3

What is the mantle?

Answer 3

Made of rock material.
Lower mantle is partly melted.
Thickest layer.

Question 4

What is the outer core?

Answer 4

Liquid iron and nickel at 5000° C.
Second thickest layer.

Question 5

What is the inner core?

Answer 5

Intense pressure from al the other layers.
A solid ball at 6000°C.
The second thinnest layer.

Question 6

What is the biological evidence for continental drift?

Answer 6

Fossils of dinosaurs that can’t swim have been found on different continents.

Question 7

What is the evidence of continental drift found in rocks?

Answer 7

Geologists have found similarities in rocks on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean.

Question 8

What are converging plates?

Answer 8

Plates moving together

Question 9

What are diverging plates?

Answer 9

Plates moving apart

Question 10

What is a seismograph?

Answer 10

A machine used to measure earthquakes

Question 11

What is the Richter scale used for?

Answer 11

Used to measure the magnitude or intensity of an earthquake

Question 12

What are seismic waves?

Answer 12

Energy waves that travel outward from the source of the earthquake

Question 13

What are aftershocks?

Answer 13

Smaller earthquakes occurring after the main earthquake

Question 14

What are primary or p waves?

Answer 14

Fastest type of earthquake waves.
Can pass through solid, liquid,and gas.
Cause a slight vibration.
Warning an earthquake is coming.

Question 15

What are secondary or s waves?

Answer 15

Earthquake waves that travel slower than primary waves.
Can only pass through solids.

Question 16

What are surface waves?

Answer 16

The slowest type of earthquake waves.
Rolling motion that breaks structures.
Do the most damage.

Question 17

What is the focus?

Answer 17

The place deep in the Earth’s crust where an earthquake begins.
Where the primary and secondary waves come from.

Question 18

What is the epicentre.

Answer 18

Surface location directly above the focus.
Surface waves travel out from here.

Question 19

What is a fault?

Answer 19

When the pressure is too great and causes rock to break suddenly.

Question 20

Where do fault zones exist?

Answer 20

Where tectonic plates meet.

Question 21

What is a normal fault?

Answer 21

When tension force causes stretching.
Plates are moving apart.
Rocks above fault moves downward.

Question 22

What are reverse faults?

Answer 22

A compression force.
Plates are moving towards each other.
Rock above the fault is moved upward.

Question 23

What is a strike slip or transform fault?

Answer 23

Shear force that causes slipping.
Plates are moving sideways past each other.

Question 24

What is a vent
?

Answer 24

The openings of volcanoes

Question 25

What does dormant mean?

Answer 25

When volcanoes are not active

Question 26

How are volcanoes formed?

Answer 26

Formed when rocks surfaces below the Earth’s crust push against each other.

Question 27

What is ring of fire?

Answer 27

Volcanoes around the pacific ocean

Question 28

How are mountain formations formed?

Answer 28

Made due to heating or uplifting of plates

Question 29

What is an anticline?

Answer 29

Upwards folded rock

Question 30

What is a syncline?

Answer 30

Bottom of the fold of rock

Question 31

What is thrust faulting?

Answer 31

Sedimentary rock could move up and over, like shingles of a roof

Question 32

What do young mountains look like?

Answer 32

Jagged on the top

Question 33

What do old mountains look like?

Answer 33

More rounded on the top