Planes/Axis & Examples

Question 1

Plane: Sagittal
Axis: Frontal
What are the motions that occur here?

Answer 1

Flexion/Extension

Question 2

Plane: Frontal
Axis: Sagittal
What are the motions that occur here?

Answer 2

Abduction/Adduction
Radial/Ulnar Deviation
Eversion/Inversion

Question 3

Plane: Transverse (Horizontal)
Axis: Vertical (Longitudinal)

Answer 3

Medial-lateral Rotation
Supination/Pronation
Right/Left Rotation
Horizontal Abduction/ Adduction

Question 4

What is flexion?

Answer 4

bending movement of one bone on another, bringing two segments together and causing a decrease in the joint angle (bend elbow)

Question 5

What is extension?

Answer 5

the straightening movement of one bone away from another, causing an increase at joint angle (Elbow straight)

Question 6

what is palmar flexion?

Answer 6

Flexion at wrist

Question 7

what is plantar flexion

Answer 7

flexion at ankle

Question 8

what is hyperextension?

Answer 8

the continuation of extension beyond the anatomical position after it has been flexed (over flexed)

Question 9

What is dorsiflexion?

Answer 9

extension at the wrist and ankle joints

refers to dorsum ( superior aspect ) of the arm and foot

Question 10

what is abduction?

Answer 10

the movement AWAY from the midline

Question 11

what is adduction?

Answer 11

movement toward the midline

Question 12

what is horizontal abduction?

Answer 12

must be preceded by either flexion or abduction of the shoulder joint so that the arm is at shoulder level. (straight and away from body)
-shoulder movement backward!

Question 13

What is horizontal adduction

Answer 13

stretched arm out with movement toward the body (forward)

Question 14

What is radial deviation?

Answer 14

when the hand moves laterally, or toward the thumb side

Question 15

What is ulnar deviation?

Answer 15

when the hand moves medially from anatomical position (pinky toward arm)

Question 16

What is lateral bending?

Answer 16

the trunk moves sideways, can be right or left

Question 17

What is circumduction?

Answer 17

circular cone shaped pattern
Involves
- flexion
-abduction
-extension
- adduction
Ex. Shoulder moving arm in circle

Question 18

what is rotation?

Answer 18

movement of a bone or part around its longitudinal axis

Question 19

What is medial rotation?

Answer 19

anterior surface rolls inward toward the midline

Question 20

What is lateral rotation?

Answer 20

the anterior surface rolls outward (away from midline)

Question 21

What is the rotation of the forearm called?

Answer 21

supination/pronation

Question 22

What is forearm pronation?

Answer 22

Palm is facing backwards, or posteriorly

“Palm Down”

Question 23

What is forearm supination?

Answer 23

the palm of the hand forward, or anteriorly

“Palm up”

Question 24

What is inversion?

Answer 24

moving the sole of the foot inward at the ankle

Question 25

What is eversion?

Answer 25

outward movement of the foot at the ankle

Question 26

What is protraction?

Answer 26

mostly a linear movement along a parallel plane to the gorun and away from the posterior midline

Question 27

What is retraction?

Answer 27

a linear movement in the same plane but toward the posterior midline
Ex. shoulder girdle