Places & Their Challenges

Question 1

define urbanisation

Answer 1

Increasing percentage or proportion of a population living in urban areas of a country. This involves the movement or shift of people from rural to urban areas or a large influx of migrants into urban areas at a greater rate than into rural areas.

Question 2

define urban growth

Answer 2

The increase in number of people living in urban areas. It can occur without an increased level of urbanisation, but generally the two are interconnected.

Question 3

define rural areas

Answer 3

Places of low population density where majority of inhabitants are directly employed in primary functions (agriculture, mining, fishing, etc).

Question 4

define urban areas

Answer 4

Places of higher population density where majority of inhabitants are directly employed in secondary & tertiary functions (manufacturing, sales & services).

Question 5

define liveability

Answer 5

The quality of space & the built enviro. This concept linked to a range of factors, such as quality of life, sense of safety, and cost of living

Question 6

list the factors of liveability

Answer 6

• quality of life
• health
• sense of safety
• access to services
• cost of living
• comfortable living standards
• mobility & transport
• air quality
• social participation

Question 7

define demographics

Answer 7

Characteristics of a population such as age, gender, ethnic or cultural background & socioeconomic status.

Question 8

define urban processes

Answer 8

Factors that influence the internal morphology or spatial organisation of land use, driven by market force (needs of individuals, landowners, firms & investors & their ability to pay).

Question 9

define urban sprawl

Answer 9

Low-density outward growth of urban areas into surrounding rural land & natural ecosystems.

Question 10

define renewal

Answer 10

Rehabilitation of urban areas, by renovation, typically large scale redevelopment projects, initiated by the government.

Question 11

define land use planning

Answer 11

Planning policies & regulations that play an important role in shaping the land uses & characteristics of urban & rural places.

Question 12

define land use competition

Answer 12

Competition that occurs between different land use functions when more than 1 land use can benefit from a particular locations

Question 13

define inertia

Answer 13

Resistance to movement. When a land use function retains its original location despite the original benefits of it locating there no longer existing.

Question 14

define agglomeration

Answer 14

a group of similar, but not necessarily the same, land uses that locate in the same area in order to benefit from common infrastructure & each other’s operation.

Question 15

define population loss

Answer 15

Declining share of the population living in a place & is the result of a combination of interrelated factors driving urbanisation.

Question 16

define social vulnerability

Answer 16

People who are unable to withstand repeated adverse impacts from multiple stresses from life events to which they’re exposed.

Question 17

when did the number of people living in urban areas overtake the number in rural areas?

Answer 17

2007

Question 18

What percentage of the world’s population live in urban areas?

Answer 18

56.6%

Question 19

What are some examples of population loss?

Answer 19

1. 2012 - 2018: combined populations of Australia’s capitals grew by 1.8 million
2. 2020 - 2021: in Australia’s midwest population loss of 1.8% caused the closure of 2 primary schools, after student numbers fell below 15

Question 20

What are some examples of FIFO work patterns?

Answer 20

1. Telfer (WA, mining town)
2. 1996: mining company changed to FIFO work structure
3. 2021 Census: Telfer had 657 people with 74.6% male

Question 21

What are some examples of concentrations of socially vulnerable people?

Answer 21

1. in rural places, people are 2x as likely to die by suicide
2. impacts of suicide deaths can be felt up up to 135
3. Indigenous Australians (62.2% live in remote areas) have 2.4x the suicide rate of non-Indigenous Australians

Question 22

What are some examples of isolation and remoteness?

Answer 22

1. rural residents can pay up to 3x more than urban residents for some food items
2. 2022: 1kg of beans cost $36 in Euabalong (western NSW) compared to $11 in Sydney
3. in remote Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander communities, food prices are up to 50% more expensive than in the nearest capital cities