Places & Their Challenges Flashcards
define urbanisation
Increasing percentage or proportion of a population living in urban areas of a country. This involves the movement or shift of people from rural to urban areas or a large influx of migrants into urban areas at a greater rate than into rural areas.
define urban growth
The increase in number of people living in urban areas. It can occur without an increased level of urbanisation, but generally the two are interconnected.
define rural areas
Places of low population density where majority of inhabitants are directly employed in primary functions (agriculture, mining, fishing, etc).
define urban areas
Places of higher population density where majority of inhabitants are directly employed in secondary & tertiary functions (manufacturing, sales & services).
define liveability
The quality of space & the built enviro. This concept linked to a range of factors, such as quality of life, sense of safety, and cost of living
list the factors of liveability
- quality of life
- health
- sense of safety
- access to services
- cost of living
- comfortable living standards
- mobility & transport
- air quality
- social participation
define demographics
Characteristics of a population such as age, gender, ethnic or cultural background & socioeconomic status.
define urban processes
Factors that influence the internal morphology or spatial organisation of land use, driven by market force (needs of individuals, landowners, firms & investors & their ability to pay).
define urban sprawl
Low-density outward growth of urban areas into surrounding rural land & natural ecosystems.
define renewal
Rehabilitation of urban areas, by renovation, typically large scale redevelopment projects, initiated by the government.
define land use planning
Planning policies & regulations that play an important role in shaping the land uses & characteristics of urban & rural places.
define land use competition
Competition that occurs between different land use functions when more than 1 land use can benefit from a particular locations
define inertia
Resistance to movement. When a land use function retains its original location despite the original benefits of it locating there no longer existing.
define agglomeration
a group of similar, but not necessarily the same, land uses that locate in the same area in order to benefit from common infrastructure & each other’s operation.
define population loss
Declining share of the population living in a place & is the result of a combination of interrelated factors driving urbanisation.
define social vulnerability
People who are unable to withstand repeated adverse impacts from multiple stresses from life events to which they’re exposed.
when did the number of people living in urban areas overtake the number in rural areas?
2007
What percentage of the world’s population live in urban areas?
56.6%
What are some examples of population loss?
- 2012 - 2018: combined populations of Australia’s capitals grew by 1.8 million
- 2020 - 2021: in Australia’s midwest population loss of 1.8% caused the closure of 2 primary schools, after student numbers fell below 15
What are some examples of FIFO work patterns?
- Telfer (WA, mining town)
- 1996: mining company changed to FIFO work structure
- 2021 Census: Telfer had 657 people with 74.6% male
What are some examples of concentrations of socially vulnerable people?
- in rural places, people are 2x as likely to die by suicide
- impacts of suicide deaths can be felt up up to 135
- Indigenous Australians (62.2% live in remote areas) have 2.4x the suicide rate of non-Indigenous Australians
What are some examples of isolation and remoteness?
- rural residents can pay up to 3x more than urban residents for some food items
- 2022: 1kg of beans cost $36 in Euabalong (western NSW) compared to $11 in Sydney
- in remote Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander communities, food prices are up to 50% more expensive than in the nearest capital cities
