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ANS 220 > Placentation > Flashcards

Placentation Flashcards

1
Q

Average gestation length of cows

A

282 days

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2
Q

Average gestation length of small ruminants

A

150 days

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3
Q

Gestation length in sows

A

112 - 114 days

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4
Q

Average gestation length of mares

A

340 days

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5
Q

Average gestation length of humans

A

284 days

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6
Q

Average gestation length in mice

A

21 days

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7
Q

The average gestation length of elephants (days)

A

616 days

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8
Q

Name the many functions of the palcenta

A

-protection (skeletal system)
-nutrition (digestive system)
-respiration (respiratory system)
-hormone production (endocrine system)

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9
Q

The innermost layer of the placenta

A

amnion

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10
Q

The outermost layer of the placenta that comes into contact with the mesoderm/endometrium

A

chorion

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11
Q

extension of the bladder that has fusion with the chorion

A

allantois

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12
Q

What are the two ways to classify placentas?

A

-Layers
-structural components

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13
Q

placental type with the most layers (6); simplest formation; present in horses, cows, pigs, ewes, whales, and deer

A

Epithelio-chorial

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14
Q

Placental type with 4 layers between fetus and maternal blood; seen in dogs, bears, seals, and most carnivores

A

Endothelio-chorial

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15
Q

Placental type with 3 layers; seen in rats, rabbits, humans and monkeys

A

Hemochorial

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16
Q

Placental type that covers the entire surface of uterus; seen in pigs and horses

A

Diffuse

17
Q

Placental type that has a central girdle of cells; seen in dogs, ferrets and cats

A

Zonary

18
Q

Placental type with disk-shaped site on one side; seen in humans and primates

A

Discoid

19
Q

Placental type that has special sites of attachments, is noninvasive and is seen in ruminant species like cows, sheep and goats

A

Cotyledonary

20
Q

Special sites of attachment that form adjacent to caruncles

A

Cotyledons

21
Q

convex caruncles are seen in

A

cows

22
Q

concave caruncles are seen in

A

ewes

23
Q

Maternal side of placenta in ruminants

A

caruncle

24
Q

Fetal side of placenta in ruminants

A

cotyledon

25
Q

What nurtures the embryo pre-implantation?

A

cytoplasm of the zygote/blastocyst
uterine and oviductal secretions

26
Q

What nurtures the embryo post-implantation?

A

Placental membranes

27
Q

stored energy and mRNA in the cytoplasm

A

Histotrophic nutrition

28
Q

Selective transfer across the placenta of AA, FAs, glucose, CO2, O2, vitamins, minerals, and electrolytes; affects the placental size and is dependent on the uterine capacity

A

Hemotrophic nutrition

29
Q

Factors affecting fetal growth

A

-genetics
-environment/nutrition (mother smoking, diet of the mother; intrauterine-placental size; uterine capacity)
-litter size (breed differences)

30
Q

When is exponential rate of growth of the fetus seen?

A

In the late stages of gestation

31
Q

Factors that affect gestation length

A

-Sex of fetus
-number of offspring
-age of dam
-genetics
-season (bred out of season for seasonally polyestrus species has an opposite effect on gestation length)

32
Q

Generally the older the animal the…(in terms of gestation length)

A

longer the gestation length

33
Q

Which of the following functions is not completed by the placenta?

a.Induce uterine contractions

b.Aid in fetal respiration

c.Steroidogenesis

d.Provide fetal protection

e.Supply the fetus with nutrients

A

a. Induce uterine contractions

34
Q

What is the outermost fetal layer of the placenta?

A

chorionic epithelium

35
Q

What is the innermost fetal layer of the hemochorial placenta?

A

fetal endothelium

36
Q

Histotroph is a product of the uterine glands and is an important source of nutrients for the developing conceptus

A

True

37
Q

Which of the following factors listed below increases gestation length?

a.Increased number of offspring

b. Decreased nutrient intake

c. Environmental temperature

d.Sex of fetus

e.Age of sire

A

d. Sex of fetus

38
Q

Which of the following species have an endothelio-chorial placenta?

a.Cow

b.Bitch

c.Ewe

d.Sow

e.Mice

A

b. Bitch

ANS 220 (6 decks)

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