Placental Hormones Flashcards
Expression, effect, predictor for
hCG
STB peak in 1st trimester maternal recognition of pregnancy high in molar pregnancies Short-term luteal support (maintains corpus luteum) Vasodil uterine vasc Hyperglycosylated from from EVT --> autocrine of more EVT and spiral artery conversion STIM: Oestrogen and activin a INHIBIT: Progesterone and inhibin a After 6-7w placental steroids take over
Expression, effect, predictor for
hPL
STB 2nd to 3rd trimester Conc rises as hCG conc drops appetite stimulant, lipolysis so increased FFAs stim growth of mammary gland tissue STB
Expression, effect, predictor for
PGH
Placental growth hormone STB throughout pregnancy Antagonises peripheral insulin Lipolysis Gluconeogenesis Replaces (suppresses) maternal pituitary GH STB and EVT
Expression, effect, predictor for
Leptin
STB peaks end of 2nd/beginning of 3rd trimester
Appetite stimulant
Stimulates placental transporter expression
STB and maternal adipose
Regulated by hCG and oestrogen
Expression, effect, predictor for
PAPP-A
STB increases throughout pregnancy
Low levels at end of first trimester indicate aneuploidy or IUGR
Cleaves IGFBP
Stim local growth and proliferation
Expression, effect, predictor for
progesterone
STB throughout pregnancy Maintains uterine queiscence appetite stimulant maintains endometrium, immunomodulator levels indicate size of placenta Produced by ovary until 12-16w Late preg initiate parturition, initiate lactation,m increase growth uterus and mammary glands
Expression, effect, predictor for
oestrogens
STB and fetal liver/adrenal increases throughout pregnancy
Maternal circulation –> cholesterol –> placenta –> pregnolone –> etus –> adrenal sulfonates to make insoluble 16-OH DHEAS and protect females against masculinisation –> placenta –> desulfates to androgens –> oestrogens –> maternal circulation
Maintains pregnancy
Oestriol 16alpha levels correlate with fetal health
Constant decline over several days indicates a need to induce pregnancy
Increase uterine blood flow and angiogenesis
CRH
Placenta makes
As well as oestrogen stim adrenal cortex to make cortisol and aldosterone —> leads to retain water and salt –> increase blood volume by 40% to match dilated maternal circulation
Relaxin
Protein hormone
Sec by corpus luteum, placenta, decidua
Vasodil in early pregnancy
Softens ligaments and cervix in late pregnancy, increases dimensions birth canal
Prolactin
Stim by ACTH oestrogen MSH
Produced by maternal pituitary and decidua NOT PLACENTA
Growth mammary glands
Potentiates LH and FSH action?
Which hormones are appetite stimulants?
HPL
Leptin (?)
Progesterone
Which hormones cause vasodilation?
hCG
Relaxin
Which hormones lead to mammary growth?
hPL
Progesterone
Prolactin
PAI-2
Decreases fibrinolysis so increases risk of thromboembolism 5-6x
From placenta
