Placental Hormones Flashcards
trophoblast HLA-G
recognized as “self” by T suppressor cells
Fas/Fas ligand
triggers lymphocyte apoptosis
uterine large granular lymphocytes (LGLs)
NK cells produce GM-CSF (granulocyte/macrophage colony stimulating factor helps regulate trophoblast invasion
placental indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO)
tryptophan to kynurenine
suppresses T cell mediated immune activity directed aginst the developing fetus
hCG homan chorionic gonadotropin hormone
maintains corpus luteum, acts in place of LH
estrogen
estriol principal placental estrogen
stimulates myometrial growth in preparation for uterine contracts, promotes mammary duct development, gradually rises throughout pregnancy
hCS or hLP
human chorionic somatomammotropin
insulin resistance
increases lipolysis to divert glucose and free FAs to fetas
also helps with mammary gland function
PTHrp
increases maternal Ca2+ levels, dissolation of maternal bone
source of calcium for fetus
relaxin
expressed by corpus leteum
acts with progesterone to inhibit uterine myometrial contraction
works with prostaglandins to cause dissociation of cervical collagen fibers to increase cervical pliability for parturition
loosens connective tissue in between pelvic bones
CRH
corticotropin releasing hormone
gradually increases during pregnancy, “placental clock”
tells ACTH to start making DHEA
prostaglandins and leukotrienes
locally made in endometrium, myometrium, decidua, and placenta
forms decidua
myometrial smooth muscle contraction and cervical ripening
stuff in breast milk
secretory IgA
mucus
lactoferrin
bifidus factor
secretory IgA- protects against enteric infections
mucus- emulsifies intestinal bacteria to hinger attachment t to epithelial cell membranes
lactoferrin- sequesters iron
bifidus factor- promotes growth of beneficial intestinal flora
colostrum
colostrum contains higher concentrations of sodium, chloride, immunoglobulin proteins
prolactin
decreases GnRH- less gonadotropin secretion
less chance of ovulation
hastens involuntion- with suckling reflex
