Placenta

Question 1

Describe the origin of the placenta

Answer 1

arises from maternal origin (decidua basalis) and fetal origin ( chorion frondosum: {syncytiotrophoblast/cytotrophoblast/Extra embryonic mesoderm(somatic)})

Question 2

Placent is the site of what?

Answer 2

Material exchange with mother (oxygen/CO2, etc)

Question 3

Embryonic layer of placenta

Answer 3

embryonic frondosum, consists of 3 layers making up chorion

Question 4

Maternal contribution to the placenta

Answer 4

decidua basalis

Question 5

Decidua

Answer 5

Basalis: portion of endometrium underlying implantation site

capsularis: portion overlying implanted embryo. separates it from uterine cavity

parietalis- remainder of endometrium

Question 6

DC: what it is, where it is, its fate.

What it ISNT

Answer 6

portion overlying the implanted embryo and separating from it from the uterine cavity

eventually lost as the amniotic cavity enlarges and occupies all the space in the uterine cavity

not part of the placenta

Question 7

DP: what it is, where it is, what it isn’t

Answer 7

the rest of the endometrium behind the DC

It isn’t part of the placenta

Question 8

Fusing of three structures include the

Answer 8

decidua parietalis, chorion laeve, and amnion

Question 9

Chorion fondosum: referred to as _______ and connects with the ________

Answer 9

chorionic plate; decidua basalis

site of villi development: agents of exchange between maternal and fetal systems

fetal surface of placenta should have chorionic (fetal) blood vessels

Question 10

Exchange System between mom and embryo

Answer 10

1. Umbilical cord (extends from embryo)
2. chorionic plate (amniotic wall)
3. basal plate (interface between fetal/maternal contributions)

Question 11

Chorionic villus

Answer 11

outgrowths from cytotrophoblast : primary, secondary, tertiary: sites of oxygen and CO2+waste exchange

Question 12

Primary chorionic villi

Answer 12

solid outgrowths that protrude into syncytiotrophoblast

Question 13

Secondary chorionic villi

Answer 13

Have a core of loose connective tissue. grows into primary villi about the third week of development

Question 14

Tertiary Chorionic villi

Answer 14

contain embryonic blood vessels

blood vessels connect up with vessels that develop into the chorion and connecting stalk; begin to circulate blood about the third week of development

Question 15

Placental Barrier consists of (slide 20 for picture)

Answer 15

a) Syncytiotrophoblast
b) Cytotrophoblast
c) Extraembryonic mesenchyme
d) fetal endothelium (single layered wall of fetal capillaries)

Question 16

Placenta membrane: what is ins’t, and substances that may pass through it

Answer 16

it isn’t a strict barrier

harmful pathogens include rubella, measles, herpes, cytomegalovirus, varicella, poliomyelitis

drugs: antibiotics, valium, librium, xanax, lithium, thalidomide, warfarin, isotretinoin, nicotine, alcohol, phenytoin

good stuffL 02, co2, glucose, free fatty acids, vitamins

Question 17

Isotretinoin

Answer 17

used to treat severe acne

varieties include sotret, claravis, amnesteem

Question 18

Substances that cross the placenta

Answer 18

isotretinoin (acne medication)
phenytoin (anti-epileptic)
warfarin (anticoagulant)

Question 19

Erythroblastosis fetalis (Rh factor)

Answer 19

If expressed by baby’s blood cells (Rh+), Rh- mother will produce antibodies that will attack any future pregnancy that is Rh+: destroys fetal RBCs

Question 20

Symptoms of Erythroblastosis in Baby

Answer 20

Anemia (low hemoglobin/RBCs in blood)
edema (swelling under surface of the skin)
enlarged liver or spleen
hydrops (fluid throughout body tissues, including spaces containing the lungs, heart and abdominal organs)
Newborn jaundice

Question 21

Prevention of Erythroblastosis Fetalis

Answer 21

RhoGAM
Human immunoglobin with antibodies against the Rh Factor
PRevents maternal antibody response to Rh-positive cells for the fetus

Question 22

Chorion fondosum is the site of which development?

a) umbilical chord
b) villi

Answer 22

(chorionic plate)

answer: villi

Question 23

Cotyledons

Answer 23

maternal surface of placenta “cotyledons” looks like meat patties

Question 24

Chorionic villus sampling

Answer 24

2 means: Transcervical procedure and Transabdominal procedure (amniocentesis)

• Test for familiar genetic disorders, advanced maternal age (chromosomal abnormalities
• Chorionic villus sampling can be done earlier in pregnancy (10-12 weeks) than amniocentesis (usually done at 15-20 weeks)

Question 25

Amniocentesis

Answer 25

14-15 weeks, tests for genetic disorders and problems resulting from age of mother

Question 26

Fetal blood circulation: which veins/arteries carry what and to where

Answer 26

Oxygenated blood is carried from the maternal arteries to the fetal veins which delivers O2 rich blood to the rest of the body; the fetal arteries carry deoxygenated blood back to the mother by diffusion through the arteries into the intervillus space

Question 27

Jaundice, hydrops (fluid throughout the body’s tissues, including spaces containing the lungs, heart, and abdominal organs), enlarged liver or spleen, anemia, edema may be the result of

Answer 27

Erythroblastosis

Question 28

Treatment for Erythroblastosis consists of

Answer 28

RhoGAM

human immunoglobin with antibodies against the Rh Favtor, prevents maternal antibody response to Rh-positive cells for the fetus

Question 29

Placental Barrier

Answer 29

1. syncytiotrophoblast
2. cytotrophoblast
3. extraembryonic mesenchyme
4. embryonic endothelia

Question 30

Placenta as an Endocrine Organ

Answer 30

Synthesizes glycogen, cholesterol, and fatty acids

nutrients, oxygen, some immunoglobins

removes waste products

Synthesizes gonadotropin hCG- stimulates production of progesterone by the ovary (corpus luteum) (syncytiotrophoblast synthesizes/secretes these)

estrogens and progesteron

Question 31

Chorinonic somatomammotropin is produced where?

Answer 31

the placenta

Question 32

hPL is what, and produced where?

Answer 32

human placental lactogen (hPL) produced by the placenta

- induces lipolysis and elevates free fatty acids in the moth. “growth hormon” of the fetus

Question 33

I’m a steroid that suppresses contractility in uterine smooth muscle, what am I?

where am I made?

Answer 33

progesterone

the placenta

Question 34

Placental Calcification

Answer 34

sign of placental aging. pattern is seen in other aging tissues

Question 35

lithopedion

Answer 35

fetal death with an ectopic pregnancy. fetus is too large to be reabsorbed by the body and calcifies