Place Distribution Flashcards
Kala Azar is prevalent in which Indian states?
West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand
Kala Azar, also known as visceral leishmaniasis, is endemic in these regions.
Vector for Kala Azar?
Sandfly (Phlebotomus)
Sandflies are small, blood-feeding insects that transmit the disease.
Japanese Encephalitis is found in?
UP, WB, rice-growing states
These regions have a high prevalence of the disease due to the presence of suitable vectors.
Japanese Encephalitis vector?
Culex tritaeniorhynchus > C. vishnui > C. gelidus
These species of Culex mosquitoes are responsible for transmitting the virus.
KFD (Kyasanur Forest Disease) is also called?
Monkey disease
The disease is named due to its initial identification in monkeys.
Vector for KFD?
Hard tick (Hemaphysalis spinigera)
This tick species is the primary vector for KFD transmission.
Malaria is prevalent in?
All over India, especially eastern states
Malaria is a widespread disease in tropical and subtropical regions.
Most common malaria treatment regimen in NE India?
ACT-LM (Artemisinin Combination Therapy - Lumefantrine)
This combination is effective against malaria parasites.
Filariasis is common in?
Coastal areas
Filariasis is often associated with regions that have high humidity and stagnant water.
Vector for Filariasis?
Culex quinquefasciatus
This mosquito species is known to transmit filarial worms.
Fluorosis is found in which regions?
Central and western India
Fluorosis is caused by excessive fluoride exposure in drinking water.
Fluorosis affects which teeth most commonly?
Upper central incisors and 1st molars
These teeth are typically the most affected due to their development stage.
HIV is prevalent in which Indian regions?
Southern and Northeastern states
These regions have higher rates of HIV due to various social and economic factors.
States with high HIV prevalence?
Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Manipur, Nagaland, Mizoram
These states report significant numbers of HIV cases.
Polio and Yellow Fever status in India?
Do not occur in India
India has successfully eradicated polio and has no reported cases of Yellow Fever.
Last polio case in India?
Howrah, West Bengal on 13-Jan-2011
This date marks the end of polio transmission in India.
Countries where Polio is still present?
Pakistan and Afghanistan
These countries continue to report polio cases.
Which antibody shows cross-immunity with Yellow Fever?
Dengue antibody
There is some degree of cross-reactivity between these two viruses.
Duffy negative blood group protects against which malaria?
Plasmodium vivax
Individuals with Duffy-negative blood type are resistant to this malaria parasite.
Sickle cell anemia offers protection against?
Plasmodium falciparum
The sickle cell trait provides a survival advantage against severe malaria.
