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Geography CP > Place > Flashcards

Place Flashcards

1
Q

What is place

A

A meaningful site combining location (in abstract space), locale (tangible aspects), and sense of place (feelings evoked, Yi Fu Tuan’s topophilia and topophobia)

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2
Q

What 3 things all occur and link in a place

A

Material structure (form a place is recognised by, can be a symbol e.g. Eiffel Tower), meaning (location becomes place as it becomes meaningful but meaning can change e.g. Twin Towers), practice (continually enacts place meaning)

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3
Q

How do place and space link

A

Yi Fu Tuan defines place as in binary opposition to space (humanist perspective), where place is bounded and secure and space is infinite and free. Space becomes place once it is lived in

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4
Q

Plato

A

An achieved place (topos) is finite, and is achieved using that which becomes, that which is the model for becoming and the setting for becoming

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5
Q

Aristotle

A

Place is at the start of becoming as anything to exist must be somewhere

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6
Q

Albertus Magnus

A

Suggested things work best where they belong

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7
Q

Varanius

A

Argued for ‘general geography’ focusing on the whole world not specific places

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8
Q

Heidegger

A

Suggested meaning is assigned to place by ‘dwelling’ - Nazi. Makes little sense in modern, hyperconnected life

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9
Q

1960s and 70s humanistic geography development characteristics

A

People not rational objects, unlike spatial science. 1977 Yi Fu Tuan Space and Place. Began looking at experience transforming place for individuals to be meaningful. Began looking at regional geography for specific places.

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10
Q

Vidal de la Blache in humanistic geography development

A

Examined the regional lifeworlds of French regions with different cultures

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11
Q

Shortcoming of humanistic geography development

A

Said little about power in place construction and contestation

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12
Q

Updated views on power’s effect on place: Marxist

A

Material structure can assign exclusionary shared meanings

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13
Q

Updated views on power’s effect on place: Harvey

A

Place is used in regressive and reactionary ways e.g. gated communities

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14
Q

Updated views on power’s effect on place: feminist

A

Home disputed as a symbol of universal attachment as patriarchal, can be exclusionary, place of order where children are symptoms of disorder

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15
Q

Updated views on power’s effect on place: general

A

Places cause exclusion by creating commonsense normative places that are ideological tools. However, places are constantly contested by the excluded so place meaning is unfixed

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16
Q

Relph

A

Argued places are becoming placeless as inauthentic so can’t be insiders, especially as people move about too much

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17
Q

Auge

A

Nonplace is a place of transit constantly referring to others and is a condition of life due to supermodernity

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18
Q

What causes supermodernity (Auge)

A

Faster info flows, increased individualism from overexposure, planet shrinking from time-space compression

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19
Q

What are the limits to Auge’s theory

A

The characteristics of nonplace and supermodernity have been remarked on before due to other advancements so may not have an effect

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20
Q

Historical theorist views about place and mobility (Tuan, Relph, Plato, Aristotle)

A

Tuan and Relph argued too much mobility limits sense of place. Plato and Aristotle argued processes make place

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21
Q

Merleau-Ponty

A

People have bodily ‘intentionality’ towards the world as they are conscious of it so form a place meaning as they move through it

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22
Q

Pred

A

Place is a process where people’s activities produce and are produced by social structures in power. Paths (movements in space and time) triggered by institutions form human and object biographies that coalesce to places. Institutions can also limit and direct paths, causing exclusion

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23
Q

Seamon

A

Body ballets are habitual movements coalescing to a place ballet that defines a place through constant reiteration

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24
Q

Why is there exclusion if the world is seen as made of fixed, divided places

A

People with mobile lives are seen as threats as people connect to areas with certain identities and protect them from others

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25
Q

Doreen Massey views on mobility

A

Mobility constitutes place as they’re formed by connections: a progressive sense of place. No longer clearly bounded as place represents processes

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26
Q

Doreen Massey ‘A global sense of place’

A

1991, argued that globalisation is reworking not eroding places

27
Q

Doreen Massey ‘Space, place and gender’

A

1994, feminist perspective on ‘geometries of power’

28
Q

3 main approaches to studying place

A

Descriptive/physical/Newtonian - as distinct areas with coordinates. Social constructionist - as a product of social processes. Phenomenological - as areas experienced differently by different individuals

29
Q

How does culture affect place

A

Can be seen as a product e.g. ecotourism

30
Q

How does culture affect place: Sharp

A

Made ‘soundscapes’ for certain places

31
Q

How does culture affect place: Williams

A

Creates lifestyle and boundaries

32
Q

How does culture affect place: MacFarlane

A

Place-specific words e.g. ‘zawm’ waves in Cornwall

33
Q

How does culture affect place: Anderson

A

‘Imagined communities’ around stories

34
Q

How does culture affect place: Said

A

‘Othering’ marginalises people as us and them

35
Q

Endogenous

A

From within a system

36
Q

Exogenous

A

From outside a system

37
Q

Mebyon Kernow

A

Want Cornwall to self-govern as it has its own identity, language, and history. Demonstrates scale of place attachment varying and influence of institutions of power

38
Q

Insider

A

Perspective of someone familiar with a place

39
Q

Outsider

A

Perspective of someone unfamiliar with or excluded from a place

40
Q

Effect of distance on insider/outsider

A

Mostly has a frictional effect but eroding with time-space compression. May feel like an insider further away due to a shared aspect

41
Q

Clone town

A

Coined by NEF, where major shopping centres become indistinct by having the same chain stores

42
Q

British Home Stored

A

2016 collapse, was in 164 towns and cities, massively affected confidence. Online retailers a major reason for the failure e.g. Amazon 20% all UK sales

43
Q

Totnes

A

Successful 2012 campaign against Costa when already 41 other coffee sellers, notocosta.co.uk, established currency for 70 independent shops in 2006

44
Q

Placemaking

A

(Re)invention of a place using a local community’s assets

45
Q

Todmorden

A

West Yorkshire town with 15,000 population and a traditional industry of cloth. Incredible edible scheme: set up walks around producers and smallholders, spread globally, focuses on education, business and community. Age UK Salford’s Critchley House has an edible garden

46
Q

Place meaning

A

Significance, value or issues making a place important to people

47
Q

Place representation

A

Diverse ways in which places are portrayed

48
Q

Contested place

A

Where tension/conflict arose due to disagreement over management/representation/use

49
Q

Who creates place marketing

A

Governments, PR companies, corporate bodies, communities e.g. Love Weston Winter Wonderland

50
Q

Rebranding

A

Changing inside perception e.g. 2013 People made Glasgow. However, hard to satisfy stakeholders and can drive out locals

51
Q

Reimaging

A

Changing physical perception, often architectural e.g. Merseyside Development Corporation in Liverpool ‘There’s life in the old docks yet’

52
Q

Types of construction needed in place remaking

A

Physical and psychological as both reimaging and rebranding are important

53
Q

What is physical construction

A

Capital intensive regeneration, flagship developments e.g. 2004 Cardiff £106m Millennium Centre

54
Q

What is psychological construction

A

Change perception e.g. Amsterdam: from failed Olympic bid and liberal to 2004 I Amsterdam exhibition with 8000 photos daily and city card

55
Q

Involvement of cultural heritage in place remaking: Liverpool

A

Psychological as a cultural heartland (Beatles) and physical with Liverpool Culture Company, UNESCO skyline, 2008 European Capital of Culture

56
Q

Involvement of cultural heritage in place remaking: Manchester

A

Hacienda building apartments for rave subculture fans

57
Q

Involvement of cultural heritage in place remaking: Guisely

A

Yorkshire building using heritage cloth industry for Hugo Boss and Prada

58
Q

How to remake contemporary places

A

Must be retrofitted for sustainability and technology e.g. Silicon roundabout, Bloomsberg’s new HQ: world’s most sustainable office building, £1b, 75% water consumption drop, 35% energy consumption drop, natural ventilation, glass box landscape backlash

59
Q

Maps

A

Symbolic depictions emphasising relationships between elements of a space, reflecting biases of cartographers

60
Q

Mercator projection

A

1569 navigation tool, distorted for straight line distances, Eurocentric

61
Q

Gall-Peters projection

A

Correct areas, stretched centrally and squashed at poles

62
Q

Ordnance Survey maps

A

GB’s national mapping agency

63
Q

Biomappinng

A

Emotional cartography measuring galvanic skin response of high and low feelings

Geography CP (16 decks)

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