Placation of 1905 Revolution

Question 1

What was set out in the October Manifesto?

Answer 1

• The population were granted “the essential foundations of civil freedom”
• Decreed that a Duma would be set up with ‘universal’ suffrage
• Stated that the Duma would be able to block laws but not make them

Question 2

When did the most serious mutinies of the army occur?

Answer 2

During the Russo-Japanese war and therefore, when it ended in mid-1905, the most serious mutinies subsided

Question 3

How many of the 211 mutinies between October and December 1905 were violent?

Answer 3

1/3

Question 4

On how many occasions were the army used to supress countryside disturbances?

Answer 4

2700

Question 5

Which troops remained loyal to the Tsar throughout 1905?

Answer 5

100,000 Cossacks and the Guard Regiment

Question 6

When was a huge loan from French bankers secured to stabilise the economy and pay troops?

Answer 6

April 1906

Question 7

What was the name of the group responsible for crushing Worker’s resistance?

Answer 7

The Black Hundreds

Question 8

What was the name of the right-wing nationalist party tied to the Black Hundreds? How many members did they have by 1906?

Answer 8

The Union of Russian People

300,000 members by 1906

Question 9

What were the April 1906 Fundamental laws?

Answer 9

Measures which reinforced the Tsar’s absolute power:

• He was Commander in Chief of the armed forces
• He could prorogue the Duma
• He could issue decrees via Article 87 and rule independently when the Duma wasn’t in session
• He had the capacity to change the electoral system and appoint ministers to the Imperial Council

Question 10

How many Jews were murdered by the Black Hundreds in Odessa?

Answer 10

500

Question 11

Between October 1905 and April 1906 how many people were executed and deported as a result of the army being used for punitive crackdown?

Answer 11

45,000 deported

15,000 executed

Question 12

What was the nickname given to hangings/deportations? What does this suggest about their impact? How many were hung between 1906-1911?

Answer 12

Stolypin’s neckties/carriages
Suggests that they were feared
2,500

Question 13

What were the pillars of autocracy that remained loyal to Nicholas?

Answer 13

Aristocracy, church, police, administration and bureaucracy

Question 14

What was the name of the party which Nicholas endorsed? How many members did they have in 1906?

Answer 14

The Union of the Russian People - 300,000

Question 15

What was the name of the party of liberals who were satisfied by the October manifesto?

Answer 15

Octobrists

Question 16

What did the Union of Unions come to realise about the majority of people who were revolting after being granted the October Manifesto?

Answer 16

They actually disliked the unruly, often violent mob of the lower classes and socialists

Question 17

What measures did the Tsar introduce to appease the peasantry and when?

Answer 17

Reduced redemption payments for the peasantry in January 1906 before having them completely abolished the following year

Question 18

What concessions were made to the army on the 6th December 1905?

Answer 18

Their conscription length was reduced and their wages and rations were increased

Question 19

Why did the Union of Unions struggle to spread their cause to the countryside?

Answer 19

Since the middle class liberals couldn’t empathise with those living in the countryside so stopped their actions there in spring 1906

Question 20

What were the two liberal political groups split by the October Manifesto?

Answer 20

Kadets and Octobrists

Question 21

What were the differing agendas of societal sectors?

Answer 21

Peasants - land reform
Workers - improved wages and conditions
Liberals - political reform

Question 22

How did winter reduce unrest in the countryside?

Answer 22

Peasants were less concerned about disorder and more concerned about survival and the conservation of supplies during the winter months

Question 23

How did the size of the empire help the Tsar to remain in power?

Answer 23

The empire was extremely large and therefore at a geographical level, opposition was never united and it was difficult for them to communicate and organise

Question 24

What were legalised for the first time in 1905 to placate opposition?

Answer 24

trade unions

Question 25

How many radical newspapers and trade unions did Stolypin close down 1906-1912?

Answer 25

1000 radical newspapers

600 trade unions

Question 26

How was the Great Strike in Finland in October 1905 placated?

Answer 26

Through the promise of a Diat elected by universal suffrage (following the October Manifesto)

Question 27

What was the name of the Polish body set up to work with the Duma following the October Manifesto? (shows how concession helped satisfy them)

Answer 27

The Polish Circle