pituitary problems, achondroplasia, marfan Flashcards
what accounts for 10% of all neoplasms within the cranium?
pituitary tumors
what percent of people have some kind of pituitary adenomas in autopsy studies?
25%
symptoms of pituitary tumors
headaches
visual disurbances
generalized discomfort in exremities
symptoms vary depending on type of tumor
can you tell on xray if someone has a pituitary tumor?
possibly, it is possible to have a pituitary tumor with an enlarged sella turcica
what are the potential causes for an enlarged sella?
empty sella
tumor
normal
aneurysm
generalized description for acromegaly and gigantism
pituitary adenoma secreting too much growth hormone
in the adult intramembranous bone tissue and subcutaneous hypertrophy
prominent in the hands and feet
excessive growth hormone before growth centers close manifest gigantism
predisposes to DJD
reduces lifespan
etiology of acromegaly
oversecretion of growth hormone from a pituitary adenoma occuring AFTER the closure of open growth centers
signs and symptoms of acromegaly
soft tissue thickening coarse facial features enlarged jaw, hands, feet, head spreading teeth change or loss of normal menstrual function macroglossia malocclusion protruding jaw with malocclusion protruding frontal sinuses prominent forehead enlarged sella turcica
radiographic features for extremities for acromegaly
spade-like distal tufts hooking osteophytes increased joint spaces widened shaft increased tissue thickness
etiology of gigantism
same as acromegaly except onset of growth hormone oversecretion occurs prior to skeletal maturation
causes of cushings/hypercortisolism
exogenous corticosteroid administration
increased in patients requiring immunosuppression
features of cushing’s
excessive glucocorticoid steroids, released by the adrenal cortex
occassionally anterior pituitary tumor
patient is obese, especially in the upper thorax and face
accelerated hair growth
hypertension
clinical features of cushing’s
moon face buffalo humb abdominal striae back pain (secondary to compression fx) easy bleeding
radiographic features of cushing’s
generalized osteopenia
compression fractures
AVASCULAR NECROSIS
atherosclerotic plaquing
achondroplasia background
MC congenital dwarfing skeletal dysplasia
marked by hypochondroplasia
normal life expectancy and mental status
normal or near normal trunk length with marked rhizomelic micromelia
radiographic features of achondroplasia
narrowing of the spinal canal small foramen magnum symmetric shortening of all long bones champagne glass pelvis broad ilia, ribs and sternum short, thick and tubular extremtiies metaphyseal cupping
spinal radiographic features of achondroplasia
posterior body scalloping short pedicles with narrowed interpediculate distance leading to a narrow, trefoil spinal canal decreasing caudally rounded bullet vertebrae platyspondyly horizontal sacrum
skull radiographic features of achondroplasia
macrocephaly
frontal bossing
foramen magnum stenosis
associated with arnold chiari malformation
clinical features of achondroplasia
waddling gait, broad and flat nasal bridge
clinical presentation of cleidocranial dysplasia
defect of intramembranous bone growth
radiographic features of cleidocranial dysplasia
skull, clavicle, midline defects, pubic diastasis
inverted “pear shaped” skull
wormian bones
CLAVICLES hypoplastic or absent
clinical features of cleidocranial dysplasia
generalized dysplasia, below average height, large head, drooping shoulders
marfan syndrome background
collagen disorder fails to produce normal collagen
connective tissue disorder
marfan syndrome imaging
scoliosis, acetabular protrusion, pectus excavatum
