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Biology - Endocrine System > Pituitary gland (M1B1) > Flashcards

Pituitary gland (M1B1) Flashcards

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1
Q

secretion when cells may produce molecules that act on themselves or on
cells of the same type is called?

A

autocrine

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2
Q

another term for pituitary gland?

A

hypophysis

hypo: under
physis: growth

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3
Q

The oral component arises as an outpocketing of ectoderm from the
roof of the primitive mouth and grows cranially, forming a structure called?

A

hypophyseal pouch

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4
Q

pituitary consists of two glands which are?

A

posterior neurohypophysis and the anterior adenohypophysis

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5
Q

posterior neurohypophysis consists of?

A

pars nervosa and infundibulum

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6
Q

anterior adenohypophysis consists of?

A

pars distalis, pars intermedia, pars tuberalis

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7
Q

pituitary gland is attached to the hypothalamus region in the brain by?

A

infundibular stalk

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8
Q

which week does hypothyseal pouch form?

A

3 weeks

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9
Q

when does the hypothyseal pouch separates itself from the oral cavity?

A

2nd month

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10
Q

Pituitary gland is formed within the?

A

9th week

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11
Q

the median eminence and the infundibular stalk gets supplied by?

A

superior hypophyseal arteries

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12
Q

superior hypophyseal arteries divide into a?

A

primary plexus

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13
Q

hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system is the sys of capillaries and veins around the pituitary

A

…

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14
Q

pars distails accounts for how much of the mass of the anterior pituitary gland?

A

75%

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15
Q

pars distalis contains two types of parenchymal cells with different staining affinities which are?

A
  • Chromophils are secretory cells in which hormones are stored in the cytoplasmic granules. They are also called basophils and acidophils based on their affinities for acid and base dyes.
  • Chromophobes are pituitary cells that by light microscopy lack stainable cytoplasmic secretory granules and represent degranulated chromophils, inactive reserve cells and undifferentiated stem cells.
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16
Q

what colors are basophilic and acidophilic?

A

basophilic > blue

acidophilic > red

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17
Q

Acidophil Cell Subtypes are?

A
  • Somatotrophs which secrete growth hormone (somatotropin)

* Lactotrophs which secrete prolactin

18
Q

Basophilic Cell Subtypes are?

A
  • Corticotrophs: secrete polypeptide hormones which are adrenocortical trophic hormone (ACTH) and B-lipoprotein (B-LPH)
  • Gonadotrophs: secrete 2 different glycoproteins follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)
  • Thyrotrophs: secrete thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
19
Q

which cell is the most abundant and which one is the least abundant

A

somatotrophs most, thyrotrophs least

20
Q

The activities of the cells of the anterior pituitary are controlled primarily by?

A

peptide-related hypothalamic hormones

21
Q

anterior pituitary secretes 6 major tropic hormones which are?

A
  • Growth hormone
  • Adrenocorticotrpic hormone (ACTH)
  • Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
  • Prolactin (PRL)
  • Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing hormone (LH): gonads
22
Q

Pars Distalis Functional Activities

A
  • regulate almost all other endocrine glands
  • ovarian function and sperm production
  • milk production
  • the metabolism of muscle, bone, and adipose tissue
23
Q

a narrow zone lying between the pars distalis and pars nervosa is the?

A

pars intermedia

24
Q

anterior pituitary, is one of the two lobes of the pituitary gland that controlled by the?

A

hypothalamus

25
Q

a hormone made by the hypothalamus in the brain and stored in the posterior pituitary gland. It tells your kidneys how much water to conserve?

A

antidiuretic hormone (ADH) aka vasopressin

26
Q

hormones produced in the neurohypophysis?

A

ADH and oxytocin

27
Q

in neurohypophysis, ADH and oxytocin are stored in?

A

neurosecetory bodies/Herring bodies

28
Q

The neurosecretory bodies contain granules with either oxytocin or ADH bound to carrier proteins called?

A

neurophysin I and II

29
Q

ADH is released in response to inc blood tonicity sensed by?

A

osmoreceptor cells

30
Q

anterior pituitary gland is connected to the brain by?

A

short blood vessels

31
Q

secretion from posterior pituitary is controlled by nerve signals that originate in the hypothalamus.

A

…

32
Q

posterior pituitary gland is actually part of the brain and it secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream under the command of the brain

A

…

33
Q

long distance signaling, low signaling, involves small molecules and steroids is called?

A

endocrine ex. insulin, glucoagon

34
Q

what provides blood mainly to the neurohypophysis?

A

inferior hypophyseal arteries

35
Q

vascular portal sys carrying small regulatory peptide from the hypothalamus to the adenohypophysis is called?

A

hypothalamic-hypophyseal tract

36
Q

anterior pituitary is controlled by hormones called? through what are they released?

A
  • hypothalamic releasing and hypothalamic inhibitory hormones
  • hypothalamic-hypophysial portal vessels
37
Q

present in neurohypophysis are highly branched glial cells called?

A

pituicytes

38
Q

most abundant cell type in the posterior pituitary is the?

A

pituicytes

39
Q

Posterior pituitary function can be adversely affected by heritable mutations in the gene for vasopressin (ADH)-neurophysin, by compression from a tumor in adjacent tissues, and by head trauma. By lowering levels of vasopressin, such conditions can produce diabetes insipidus, a disorder characterized by inability to concentrate urine, which leads to frequent urination (polyuria) and increased thirst (polydipsia).

A

…

40
Q

most of the cells of the pars tuberalis

are?

A

gonadotrophs

Biology - Endocrine System (6 decks)

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