Pituitary gland (M1B1)

Question 1

secretion when cells may produce molecules that act on themselves or on
cells of the same type is called?

Answer 1

autocrine

Question 2

another term for pituitary gland?

Answer 2

hypophysis

hypo: under
physis: growth

Question 3

The oral component arises as an outpocketing of ectoderm from the
roof of the primitive mouth and grows cranially, forming a structure called?

Answer 3

hypophyseal pouch

Question 4

pituitary consists of two glands which are?

Answer 4

posterior neurohypophysis and the anterior adenohypophysis

Question 5

posterior neurohypophysis consists of?

Answer 5

pars nervosa and infundibulum

Question 6

anterior adenohypophysis consists of?

Answer 6

pars distalis, pars intermedia, pars tuberalis

Question 7

pituitary gland is attached to the hypothalamus region in the brain by?

Answer 7

infundibular stalk

Question 8

which week does hypothyseal pouch form?

Answer 8

3 weeks

Question 9

when does the hypothyseal pouch separates itself from the oral cavity?

Answer 9

2nd month

Question 10

Pituitary gland is formed within the?

Answer 10

9th week

Question 11

the median eminence and the infundibular stalk gets supplied by?

Answer 11

superior hypophyseal arteries

Question 12

superior hypophyseal arteries divide into a?

Answer 12

primary plexus

Question 13

hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system is the sys of capillaries and veins around the pituitary

Answer 13

…

Question 14

pars distails accounts for how much of the mass of the anterior pituitary gland?

Answer 14

75%

Question 15

pars distalis contains two types of parenchymal cells with different staining affinities which are?

Answer 15

• Chromophils are secretory cells in which hormones are stored in the cytoplasmic granules. They are also called basophils and acidophils based on their affinities for acid and base dyes.
• Chromophobes are pituitary cells that by light microscopy lack stainable cytoplasmic secretory granules and represent degranulated chromophils, inactive reserve cells and undifferentiated stem cells.

Question 16

what colors are basophilic and acidophilic?

Answer 16

basophilic > blue

acidophilic > red

Question 17

Acidophil Cell Subtypes are?

Answer 17

• Somatotrophs which secrete growth hormone (somatotropin)

* Lactotrophs which secrete prolactin

Question 18

Basophilic Cell Subtypes are?

Answer 18

• Corticotrophs: secrete polypeptide hormones which are adrenocortical trophic hormone (ACTH) and B-lipoprotein (B-LPH)
• Gonadotrophs: secrete 2 different glycoproteins follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)
• Thyrotrophs: secrete thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

Question 19

which cell is the most abundant and which one is the least abundant

Answer 19

somatotrophs most, thyrotrophs least

Question 20

The activities of the cells of the anterior pituitary are controlled primarily by?

Answer 20

peptide-related hypothalamic hormones

Question 21

anterior pituitary secretes 6 major tropic hormones which are?

Answer 21

• Growth hormone
• Adrenocorticotrpic hormone (ACTH)
• Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
• Prolactin (PRL)
• Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing hormone (LH): gonads

Question 22

Pars Distalis Functional Activities

Answer 22

• regulate almost all other endocrine glands
• ovarian function and sperm production
• milk production
• the metabolism of muscle, bone, and adipose tissue

Question 23

a narrow zone lying between the pars distalis and pars nervosa is the?

Answer 23

pars intermedia

Question 24

anterior pituitary, is one of the two lobes of the pituitary gland that controlled by the?

Answer 24

hypothalamus

Question 25

a hormone made by the hypothalamus in the brain and stored in the posterior pituitary gland. It tells your kidneys how much water to conserve?

Answer 25

antidiuretic hormone (ADH) aka vasopressin

Question 26

hormones produced in the neurohypophysis?

Answer 26

ADH and oxytocin

Question 27

in neurohypophysis, ADH and oxytocin are stored in?

Answer 27

neurosecetory bodies/Herring bodies

Question 28

The neurosecretory bodies contain granules with either oxytocin or ADH bound to carrier proteins called?

Answer 28

neurophysin I and II

Question 29

ADH is released in response to inc blood tonicity sensed by?

Answer 29

osmoreceptor cells

Question 30

anterior pituitary gland is connected to the brain by?

Answer 30

short blood vessels

Question 31

secretion from posterior pituitary is controlled by nerve signals that originate in the hypothalamus.

Answer 31

...

Question 32

posterior pituitary gland is actually part of the brain and it secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream under the command of the brain

Answer 32

...

Question 33

long distance signaling, low signaling, involves small molecules and steroids is called?

Answer 33

endocrine ex. insulin, glucoagon

Question 34

what provides blood mainly to the neurohypophysis?

Answer 34

inferior hypophyseal arteries

Question 35

vascular portal sys carrying small regulatory peptide from the hypothalamus to the adenohypophysis is called?

Answer 35

hypothalamic-hypophyseal tract

Question 36

anterior pituitary is controlled by hormones called? through what are they released?

Answer 36

- hypothalamic releasing and hypothalamic inhibitory hormones - hypothalamic-hypophysial portal vessels

Question 37

present in neurohypophysis are highly branched glial cells called?

Answer 37

pituicytes

Question 38

most abundant cell type in the posterior pituitary is the?

Answer 38

pituicytes

Question 39

Posterior pituitary function can be adversely affected by heritable mutations in the gene for vasopressin (ADH)-neurophysin, by compression from a tumor in adjacent tissues, and by head trauma. By lowering levels of vasopressin, such conditions can produce diabetes insipidus, a disorder characterized by inability to concentrate urine, which leads to frequent urination (polyuria) and increased thirst (polydipsia).

Answer 39

...

Question 40

most of the cells of the pars tuberalis | are?

Answer 40

gonadotrophs