Pituitary Gland

Question 1

Acidophilic cell types in anterior pituitary

Answer 1

Somatotrope

Lactotrope

Question 2

Glycoprotein hormones of ant pituitary

Answer 2

FSH LH TSH

same ã subunit

Question 3

Inhibitory hormones of hypophysiotropic hormones

Answer 3

GHIH-somatostatin

PIH(prolactin inhibitory hormone) - Dopamine

Question 4

Bound fraction of GH

Answer 4

50%

Question 5

Binding proteins of GH can be measure as an index number of GH receptors. Why?

Answer 5

GH binding protein is produced by cleavage of its receptors

Question 6

GH regulators

Answer 6

GHRH
GHIH(SOMATOSTATIN)
GHRELIN ( stimulates GH sec)high levels in obese

Question 7

GH sec increase? Decrease?

Answer 7

Increase- sleep,exercise, stress conditions, protein meal, hypoglycemia, androgens

Decrease- GH, glucose, cortisol, FFA, IGF 1, obesity

Question 8

GH receptor

Answer 8

Cytokine cell membrane receptor superfamily

Dimerization is essential for receptor action

Question 9

MOA of GH

Answer 9

GH activates JAK 2 -> phosphorylates STATs -> migrates to nucleus -> activate genes

Question 10

Effects of GH

Answer 10

1) on growth- sti. Condrogenesis, increase soft tissue & visceral mass
2) protein metabolism- protein anabolic, reduces urea syn
3) carbohydrate metabolism- NET DIABETOGENIC EFFECT
4) fat metabolism- increase FFA, ketogenic, fatty acid mobilization from adipose tissue
5) electrolyte metabolism- inc Ca absorbing, dec Na &Cl excretion

Question 11

Somatomedine

Answer 11

Polypeptide 
Stimulated by GH
Secreted by liver
Mediates some action of GH
Functionally related to insulin
Their actions facilitated by thyroid hormones

Question 12

Direct & indirect action of insuline

Answer 12

Direct- Na+ retention
               Lipolysis
               Protein synthesis 
               Epiphysial growth
               Decrease insulin sensitivity 

Indirect- via IGF1
                 Insulin like act
                 Antilipolitic activity
                Protein syn 
                Epi gwth

Question 13

Long acting somatostatin analogs

Answer 13

Octreotide

Lanreotide

Question 14

Synthetic ADH drugs

Answer 14

Vasopressin

Desmopressin

Question 15

Treatment of excess GH diseases

Answer 15

Synthetic somatostatin - Octreotide
DA agonist - Bromocriptin
Surgical removal of tumor
GH receptor antagonists- pegvisoment