Pituitary Gland Flashcards
6 major hormones secreted by anterior pituitary
FSH
LH
ACTH
TSH
Prolactin
GH
2 hormones secreted by posterior pituitary
Oxytocin
ADH
______ occurs in children prior to the close of the epiphyses and causes excess growth of long bones
Gigantism
_______ causes enlargement and elongation of the hands, feet, and jaw as well as internal organ involement in adults
onset is 30 so does not affect long bones
Acromegaly
Affected individuals have increased risk of DM, HTN, CAD
Doughy, moist handshake
Macroglossia
Carpal tunnel syndrome
deep, coarse voice
sleep apnea
goiter
HTN and cardiomegaly
wt gain and insulin resistance
Acromegaly
If congenital: hypogonadism..delayed adolescence and sex organ maturation.
If acquired as an adult: loss of secondary sex characteristics (beard, axillary and pubic hair,, etc)
↓libido, amenorrhea, infertility; low testosterone/estrogen.
results if which hormones are low?
LH/FSH (sex hormones)
..which are released from pituitary
Panhypopituitarism refers to…
loss of all anterior pituitary hormones
Acromegaly vs giganstim
Gigantism occurs before epiphyseal closure
Acromegaly occurs after epiphyseal closure
High prolactin levels suppress GnRH→↓LH/FSH, resulting in hypogonatropic hypogonadism.
Females: Pre-menopausal woman develop galactorrhea, oligo/amenorrhea and infertility, decreased libido, vaginal dryness.
Males: Decreased libido, erectile dysfunction, gynecomastia, but no galactorrhea.
Hyperprolactinemia
Etiologies: Pituitary microadenoma (may also produce GH), drugs (SSRI’s, Thiazides, Cimetidine, Tricyclics, OCP, others); hypothyroidism, renal failure and cirrhosis
Hyperprolactinemia
With symptoms of hypogonadism/infertility or larger tumors: ______ agonists can successfully treat symptoms, correct amenorrhea and galactorrhea, and shrink the tumor.
Dopamine
What type of surgery is reserved for individuals with large macroadenomas that abut/compress the optic chiasm
Transphenoidal pituitary surgery
