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Endocrine > Pituitary Function and Failure > Flashcards

Pituitary Function and Failure Flashcards

1
Q

What is the hypothalamic hypophyseal portal system?

A

the vascular link between the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary

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2
Q

What is the advantage of the hypothalamic hypophyseal portal system?

A

less hormone secretion is required and the hormones are transported directly

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3
Q

What is the difference between the anterior and posterior pituitary?

A

the posterior pituitary is nervous tissue with a neural link to the hypothalamus, the anterior pituitary is glandular epithelial tissue with a vascular link to the hypothalamus

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4
Q

What is the infundibulum?

A

the stalk which connects the pituitary to the brain

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5
Q

What are the anterior pituitary hormones?

A

ACTH, prolactin, GH, TSH, LH and FSH

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6
Q

What are the posterior pituitary hormones?

A

vasopressin and oxytocin

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7
Q

Which nuclei in the hypothalamus control posterior pituitary?

A

supraoptic and paraventricular

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8
Q

Which nuclei in the hypothalamus control anterior pituitary?

A

arcuate and other

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9
Q

Which hypothalamic hormone stimulates release of prolactin?

A

PRFs

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10
Q

Which hypothalamic hormone stimulates release of TSH?

A

TRH

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11
Q

Which hypothalmic hormone stimulates release of ACTH?

A

CRH

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12
Q

Which hypothalamic hormone stimulates release of GH?

A

GHRH

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13
Q

Which hypothalmic hormone stimulates release of FSH and LH?

A

GnRH

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14
Q

What is the target tissue of ACTH?

A

adrenal cortex to release cortisol

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15
Q

What is the target tissue of TSH?

A

thyroid gland to release thyroid hormones

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16
Q

What is the target tissue of LH and FSH?

A

gonads to release sex steroids

17
Q

What is the target tissue of prolactin?

A

breasts for growth and milk secretion

18
Q

What is the target tissue of GH?

A

the liver to produce IGF

19
Q

What alters hypothalamic control?

A

senses, stress, growth, emotion, diurnal and circardian rhythm

20
Q

What is growth?

A

the lengthening of long bones, net synthesis of protein and increase in size and number of cells in soft tissue

21
Q

What are the requirements for growth?

A

growth hormone, genetic determination, diet, absence of chronic stress and disease, growth influencing hormones

22
Q

Where is growth hormone from?

A

the anterior pituitary

23
Q

What is the chemical structure of growth hormone?

A

peptide

24
Q

How is growth hormone transported in circulation?

A

half free half bound to a plasma protein

25
Q

What is the action of growth hormone?

A

bone and cartilage growth, soft tissue growth, increase in plasma glucose

26
Q

What are somatomedins?

A

insulin like growth factors I and II

27
Q

What is somatostatin?

A

growth hormone inhibiting hormone produced by the hypothalamus

28
Q

What is somatotropin?

A

growth hormone

29
Q

Which hormone plays a permissive role in growth?

A

thyroid hormone

30
Q

Which hormone closes epiphyseal plates of long bones?

A

oestrogen

31
Q

What is Laron dwarfism?

A

growth hormone insensitivity

32
Q

What is acromegaly?

A

overproduction of growth hormone as an adult

Endocrine (13 decks)

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