Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Endocrine (F&F) > Pituitary and Brain Hormones > Flashcards

Pituitary and Brain Hormones Flashcards

1
Q

Brain, pituitary and pineal Anatomy

A
  • All very close together
  • Reasons
    1. Pituitary- half is nervous tissue; some hormones produced in the brain and needed for release
    2. Pineal- modified neurons
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Main brain centers involved in endocrine regulation (inside hypothalamus)

A

Many different areas of neurons. Two important for this module:

  1. Paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei
  2. arcuate nucleus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei

A
  • Regulate water balance
  • Produce Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH; water balance) and oxytocin (muscular contractions)
  • Destruction causes diabetes insipidus
  • Paraventricular nucleus projects to autonomic nuclei of brainstem and spinal cord
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Arcuate nuclei

A
  • Produces hypothalamic releasing factors (regulate secretion of the anterior pituitary)
  • Contains DOPA-ergic neurons that inhibit prolactin release
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Nucleus in brain

A

Clusters of neuronal cell bodies (perikaryon) in the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Development of the Pituitary Gland

A
  • Comes from folding inwards and together of Neuroectoderm and Oropharynx ectoderm/Rathke’s pouch (Specialized epithelial cells- secretory in nature)
  • Produces two halves: Half neural called the posterior lobe (neurohypophysis) and half specialized epithelial called the anterior lobe (adenohypophysis)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Regions of pituitary gland/hypophysis

A

All species have all regions, but organization does differ

  1. Adenohypophysis (anterior lobe) separated into:
    - Pars Distalis- most number of cells
    - Pars Tuberalis- acts as a sleeve of the infundibulum stalk
    - Pars Intermedia- plays a huge role in cushings disease of Horse (PPID)
  2. Neurohypophysis (posterior lobe) separated into:
    - Pars Nervosa- only see neuron terminals (axons) of the paraventricular nuclei and supraoptic nuclei
    - Infundibulum- Nerve tract that leads from hypothalamus to pars nervosa is the stalk.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Pars Distalis cell distribution

A

Most number of excretory cell types out of all regions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Median Eminence

A

Base of hypothalamus where hormones converge into the system heading to the anterior pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Anterior Pituitary Association and Hormonal secretion

A

Large number of neurons in hypothalamus produce hypothalamic releasing hormones (stimulating hormones) & can produce some inhibitors as well (hypothalamic releasing inhibitory factors). These hormones and factors effect the hormone production of the anterior pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Steps of hormonal secretion to anterior pituitary

A
  1. Neurons end at base of hypothalamus (median eminence) and release hormonal contents there
  2. Blood vessels (network of capillaries= hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system) present in this region. They pick up these hypothalamic releasing hormones and carry them to anterior pituitary region.
  3. Hormones act as regulatory hormones in the anterior region causing the release of pituitary hormones
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing hormone (LH)

A
  • Pituitary hormone
  • target ovaries and testes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

A
  • Pituitary hormone
  • target thyroid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

A
  • Pituitary hormone
  • target adrenal cortex
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Prolactin

A
  • Pituitary hormone
  • target mammary glands
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH)

A
  • Pituitary hormone
  • target melanocytes
17
Q

Growth hormone (GH)

A
  • Pituitary hormone
  • target liver, bones, other tissues
18
Q

Prolactin inhibitory Hormone (PIH) (dopamine)

A
  • Inhibits Prolactin
  • Target: breasts
19
Q

Prolactin releasing hormone (PRH)

A
  • Stimulates prolactin
  • Target: breasts
20
Q

Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH)

A
  • Stimulates TSH
  • Targets the thyroid gland which releases TH
21
Q

Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH)

A
  • Stimulates ACTH
  • Targets Adrenal cortex which stimulates cortisol release
22
Q

Growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH)

A
  • Stimulates GH
  • Targets Liver which stimulates insulin-like growth factors, & cells throughout the body
23
Q

Growth hormone inhibitory hormone/somatostatin (GHIH)

A
  • Inhibits GH
  • Targets Liver and its insulating-like growth factors & cells throughout the body
24
Q

Gonadotropin (FSH/LH) Releasing Hormone

A
  • Stimulates LH and FSH
  • Targets the gonads (Male: androgens; females: estrogens, progesterone)
25
Q

Posterior Pituitary association and hormonal secretion

A
  • Supra-optic nucleus and paraventricular produce ADH and oxytocin and nerve endings extend down into the posterior pituitary through hypothalamic tract
  • Entirely made of nervous tissue
26
Q

Disease from poor ADH function

A

Diabetes insipidus

Endocrine (F&F) (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions