Pituitary Flashcards
Acidophils?
GH
Prolactin
Basophils?
LH
FSH
TSH
ACTH
Somatostatins inhibit what 2 types of pituitary cells?
Thyrotrophs (TSH)
somatotrophs (GH)
What hormones detreated by the neurohypophysis?
ADH (vasopressin)
Oxytocin
What are the mass effects of pituitary lesions?
Increased intracranial pressure
Visual field disturbances = bilateral temporal hemianopsia (compression of optic chiasm)
Pituitary apoplexy = hemorrhage into adenoma
Underproduction of hormones
Overproduction of one (prolactin)
What Sx would you see with increased intracranial pressure?
Headaches, nausea/vomiting HTN Bradycardia Shallow breathing Papilledema
Name the terminology for different sized adenomas.
Less than 1 cm = microadenoma
1-4 cm = macroadenoma
> 4 cm = giant adenoma
What is the most common secretory pituitary adenoma?
Prolactinomas (30%)
How does a prolactinoma present in women?
Menstrual irregularities Galactorrhea Diminished libido Internality Mass effect
How does a prolactinoma present in men?
Decreased libido
Decreased sperm count
Mass effect
What type of lactotroph adenomal is most common?
Sparsely granulated
What characteristics are seen with a lactotroph adenoma?
Stromal hyalinization
Psammoma bodies
Dense calcification -> pituitary stone
What is the treatment for prolactinoma?
Dopamine agonists (Bromocriptine, cabergoline)
Surgery - transphenoidal (up the nose)
What are some natural causes of hyperprolactinemia?
Pregnancy;
Lactation/nipple stimulation
Loss of dopamine (lactotroph hyperplasia)
Renal failure (increased production and decreased clearance of PRL)
Hypothyroid (increased TSH can + PRL production)
What does a somatotroph adenoma cause?
Gigantism (b4 epiphyseal plate closure)
Acromegaly
