Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Foundations III Exam 2 Endocrine > Pituitary > Flashcards

Pituitary Flashcards

1
Q

What does the intermediate lobe of the pituitary contain?

A

Endorphins

MSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the hypothalamus releasing hormones?

A

TRH

GnRH

CRH

GHRH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the hypothalamus inhibiting hormones?

A

DA - dopamine/prolactin

Somatostatin: inhibits GH, TSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How do you measure hormones w/ longer half lives (not bound) vs hormones bound to proteins?

A

Measure directly w/ random test (TSH)

Measure free & total fractions (total & free T4)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When are suppression tests used? What is an example?

A

When hyperfunction of gland is suspected

  • high cortisol
  • ex. dexamethasone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are stimulation tests used for? What is an example?

A

Suspicious of hypofunction

  • low cortisol
  • ex. ACTH stimulation test
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What disorders are seen in the hypothalamus? What are they associated w/?

A

Tumors
Inflammation
Infiltration
Metastatic tumor

*Associated w/ loss of posterior pituitary function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

V1a receptors mediate…

A

pressor activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

V1b or V3 receptors modulate…

A

ACTH secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

V2 receptors mediate…

A

renal handling of water excretion & promote coag factor VIII

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the MOA of ADH?

A

Decrease water excretion in central diabetes insipidus & nocturnal eneuresis

Increase levels of factor VIII & improve platlets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the cause of central diabetes insipidus?

A

50% Idiopathic

CNS surgery, trauma, encephalopathy

Tumors

Metastasis

Granulomatous disease

Hereditary: autosomal dominant

Pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are signs & sx of central diabetes insipidus?

A

Acute

Unremitting sustained thirst & polyuria day & night

Preference for cold liquids

Deficient secretion of ADH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe the test used for diabetes insipidus

A

Dehydration test:

Glucose, Ca, K, creatinine

Screen 24hr urine

Diagnosis = “water deprivation test”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

No response to desmopressin injection w/ elevated ADH indicates…

A

Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is seen w/ primary polydipsia?

A

Na & Osm mid range or low-normal at start

17
Q

How do you distinguish primary polydipsia from CDI?

A

CDI: thirst improves w/ tx

PPD: thirst does NOT improve w/ tx

18
Q

Tx of neurogenic DI (in general)

A

Aimed at decreasing urine output

Replacement of fluid losses

19
Q

What med is used to treat CDI?

A

Desmopressin, potent anti-diuretic

20
Q

What meds can you use to treat pts w/ CDI who are unresponsive to desmopressin?

A

Chlorpropamide

Carbamazepine or clofibrate

21
Q

What is nephrogenic DI?

A

Resistance of the kidneys to the effects of ADH

No response to DDAVP

22
Q

What are the 2 MC causes of nephrogenic DI?

A

Chronic lithium use

Hypercalcemia

23
Q

What med & diet change is used to treat nephrogenic DI?

A

Thiazide

Low salt diet

24
Q

Inappropriate ADH leads to…

A

volume expansion due to water retention

25
Q

What is the hallmark of SIADH?

A

Hyponatremia w/out evidence of water excess

  • Mild = 130-135
  • Mod = 125-129
  • Severe = < 125
26
Q

How do you differentiate acute vs chronic SIADH?

A

Acute: < 24hrs
Chronic: > 24hrs or not documented < 24hrs

27
Q

What causes SIADH?

A

Ectopic pregnancy

Baroreceptor dysregulation

Multifactorial

28
Q

What are clinical features of hyponatremia in SIADH?

A

Decreased Na & osmolarity

Less than maximal urine dilution

Euvolemia

Inappropriate urine Na loss

29
Q

What are sx of hyponatremia in SIADH?

A

Mod: Nausea w/out vomiting, confusion, HA

Severe: vomiting, somnolence, seizures, glascow < 8

30
Q

How do you treat SIADH?

A

Restrict fluid intake

Gentle administration of hypertonic fluids

Drugs that impair renal responses to ADH (not recommended)

Vasopressin antagonists (not recommended)

31
Q

Describe: craniopharyngiomas

A

MC sellar tumor of childhood/adolescence

Usually suprasellar

Arise from Rathke’s pouch

32
Q

How do children w/ craniopharyngiomas present clinically?

A

Growth retardation
Pubertal delay
Visual field loss
Vomiting

33
Q

What causes disorders of the pituitary?

A

Tumors

Anatomic damage

Foundations III Exam 2 Endocrine (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions