PIT Case Studies c, d

Question 1

China I - Closed door policy

Answer 1

Until 1979

Question 2

China I - Government

Answer 2

Communist

- Command economy (government controls factors of production)

Question 3

China I - Introduction of Open Door Policy

Answer 3

Created special economic zones

• boomed
• companies had their products made cheaply there
• people began moving from rural to urban areas

Question 4

China I - Percentage of pop. migrated

Answer 4

almost 12% pop.

Question 5

China I - income gap between rural and urban areas

Answer 5

Rural less than 40% urban incomes

Question 6

China I - Specific rural town

Answer 6

Sichuan

Question 7

China I - Specific urban town

Answer 7

Shenzen/Shang Hai

Question 8

China I - Push factors

Answer 8

Poverty

Lack of employment

Question 9

China I - Pull factors

Answer 9

Higher wages (send remittances)
More jobs/employment opportunities

Question 10

China I - Intervening obstacles

Answer 10

Work permit

Travel availability and price

Question 11

China I - Positives for origin

Answer 11

Remittances set home

Question 12

China I - Negative for origin

Answer 12

Families have no husbands/fathers around

Question 13

China I - Positive for destination

Answer 13

Increase in workers

- increase in GDP or area

Question 14

China I - Negative for destination

Answer 14

Traffic congestion
New arrivals have nowhere to live
Underpayment and poor working conditions (without permit)

Question 15

Poland/UK - background

Answer 15

Poland was admitted to the EU April 1st 2004
Free movement between countries
2006 estimated between 500 and 600 thousand Poles in UK

Question 16

Poland/UK - Push factors

Answer 16

Unemployment rates in Poland 18.5% in 2005
Youth unemployment around 40%
GDP 12 700 pounds per person
Typical earnings: 150 pounds per month

Question 17

Poland/UK - Pull factors

Answer 17

Higher average earnings per person (30 000 pounds)
High demand for skilled and semi-skilled labour
Jobs available
Higher pay (6 pounds an hour typically)

Question 18

Poland/UK - Intervening Obstacles

Answer 18

May be leaving family behind
Struggle to find housing
Struggle to find employment due to massive numbers of Polish people migrating
Plane flights were cheap
Could drive
Could speak the language

Question 19

Poland/UK - benefit on origin

Answer 19

Influx of foreign money through remittances
Political will to improve standard of living
Less strain on resources

Question 20

Poland/UK - disadvantage on origin

Answer 20

Brain drain of skilled workers

Loss of entrepreneurial spirit as risk-takers move away

Question 21

Poland/UK - benefit on destination

Answer 21

Helps England cope with aging population
Filled skill gap, taking on low paying or undesirable jobs
2.5 billion pound contribution to UK economy by eastern european migrants

Question 22

Poland/UK - disadvantage on destination

Answer 22

Increased pressure on education due to migrants’ children
Demand for housing pushed up rents/prices
High proportion of the wages being returned to Poland
Cost of living increased

Question 23

Gender

Answer 23

The condition of being male or female

Question 24

Gender inequality

Answer 24

The unequal treatment or perceptions of individuals based on their gender

Question 25

Factors of GI

Answer 25

Employment, education, legal rights, health, status, birth ratios, life expectancy, family size, migration, empowerment, culture, land tenure

Question 26

GI index

Answer 26

Measure of gender inequality

• health
• empowerment
• employment

Question 27

Gender gap index

Answer 27

Measure of gender gap

• health
• education
• political empowerment
• economic participation