PIT Case Studies c, d Flashcards
China I - Closed door policy
Until 1979
China I - Government
Communist
- Command economy (government controls factors of production)
China I - Introduction of Open Door Policy
Created special economic zones
- boomed
- companies had their products made cheaply there
- people began moving from rural to urban areas
China I - Percentage of pop. migrated
almost 12% pop.
China I - income gap between rural and urban areas
Rural less than 40% urban incomes
China I - Specific rural town
Sichuan
China I - Specific urban town
Shenzen/Shang Hai
China I - Push factors
Poverty
Lack of employment
China I - Pull factors
Higher wages (send remittances) More jobs/employment opportunities
China I - Intervening obstacles
Work permit
Travel availability and price
China I - Positives for origin
Remittances set home
China I - Negative for origin
Families have no husbands/fathers around
China I - Positive for destination
Increase in workers
- increase in GDP or area
China I - Negative for destination
Traffic congestion
New arrivals have nowhere to live
Underpayment and poor working conditions (without permit)
Poland/UK - background
Poland was admitted to the EU April 1st 2004
Free movement between countries
2006 estimated between 500 and 600 thousand Poles in UK
Poland/UK - Push factors
Unemployment rates in Poland 18.5% in 2005
Youth unemployment around 40%
GDP 12 700 pounds per person
Typical earnings: 150 pounds per month
Poland/UK - Pull factors
Higher average earnings per person (30 000 pounds)
High demand for skilled and semi-skilled labour
Jobs available
Higher pay (6 pounds an hour typically)
Poland/UK - Intervening Obstacles
May be leaving family behind Struggle to find housing Struggle to find employment due to massive numbers of Polish people migrating Plane flights were cheap Could drive Could speak the language
Poland/UK - benefit on origin
Influx of foreign money through remittances
Political will to improve standard of living
Less strain on resources
Poland/UK - disadvantage on origin
Brain drain of skilled workers
Loss of entrepreneurial spirit as risk-takers move away
Poland/UK - benefit on destination
Helps England cope with aging population
Filled skill gap, taking on low paying or undesirable jobs
2.5 billion pound contribution to UK economy by eastern european migrants
Poland/UK - disadvantage on destination
Increased pressure on education due to migrants’ children
Demand for housing pushed up rents/prices
High proportion of the wages being returned to Poland
Cost of living increased
Gender
The condition of being male or female
Gender inequality
The unequal treatment or perceptions of individuals based on their gender
