PIT 1-4 Flashcards
What does Personal IS improve?
Productivity
Personal Information Systems (IS) are designed to enhance individual efficiency and effectiveness.
What is the primary benefit of Group IS?
Increases collaboration
Group Information Systems facilitate teamwork and communication among individuals.
What is the purpose of Enterprise IS?
Increase standardization and to monitor work
Enterprise Information Systems help organizations maintain consistency and track performance.
Define a value chain.
An organization that performs to transfer inputs to outputs
The value chain concept helps in understanding how value is added at each step of production.
What is a supply chain?
A chain in a manufacturing organization
Supply chains involve all processes that transform raw materials into final products.
What does supply chain management encompass?
All the activities required to get the right product into the right consumer’s hands in the right quantity at the right time at the right cost
Effective supply chain management is critical for business success.
What is sustaining innovation?
Enhancing and improving existing products, services, and ways of operating
Sustaining innovations often build on existing technologies.
What characterizes disruptive innovation?
Provides lower level performance than the marketplace has grown to accept
Disruptive innovations can eventually displace established market leaders.
Define business process reengineering.
Radical redesign of a business organization
This approach aims to improve efficiency and effectiveness.
What is continuous improvement?
Constantly seeking ways to improve
Continuous improvement is a key principle in quality management.
Define Shadow IT.
A solution provided by non-IT professionals
Shadow IT can lead to security risks and compliance issues.
What are the three major IT functions?
- Operations
- Development
- Support
These functions work together to ensure effective IT service delivery.
What is secondary storage?
Devices that store large amounts of data
Secondary storage is essential for data backup and retrieval.
What is SRAM used for?
High speed registers and caches
SRAM is faster than DRAM but also more expensive.
What is DRAM primarily used for?
Main memory
DRAM is the most common type of memory used in computers.
What does the acronym DDR in DDR SDRAM stand for?
Double Data Rate
DDR SDRAM allows for higher bandwidth than its predecessors.
Define a computer operating system.
A set of programs that controls computer hardware and acts as an interface for computer application programs
The operating system is crucial for managing hardware and software resources.
What functions does an operating system control?
- Common computer hardware functions
- User interface and input/output management
- Hardware independence
- System memory management
- Processing tasks management
- Networking capabilities
- Access control to system resources
- File management
These functions are vital for system stability and usability.
What is the kernel in an operating system?
The heart of the operating system, controlling critical processes and regulating other programs
The kernel is essential for operating system functionality.
Define an embedded system.
A computer system implanted in and dedicated to the control of another device
Examples include e-book readers and ATMs.
What is proprietary software?
A one of a kind software program for a specific application owned by a company/organization/person
Proprietary software typically comes with restrictions on usage and distribution.
What is off-the-shelf software?
Software mass-produced by software vendors
This type of software is generally available to the public and can be used out of the box.
What does SaaS stand for?
Software as a Service
SaaS allows users to access software applications over the internet.
What is bioprinting?
The use of 3D printers to build human parts and organs from actual human cells
Bioprinting is a revolutionary technology in the field of medicine.
