Pipeline Transportation

Question 1

In North America, hazardous materials are commonly transported through ______ miles of pipelines and related structures. Although most pipelines are ___, often there are above-ground ____ and ___ indicating the presence of pipelines.

Answer 1

Millions of miles
Buried
Above ground structures
Markers

Question 2

Large-diameter, steel pipelines transport flammable natural gas(toxic and non-toxic) at very high pressures ranging from ____ to ____ psi. Natural gas in ______ pipelines is odorless-generally not odorized with ______; however natural gas containing ______ will have a distinct “rotten egg” odor.

Answer 2

200 to 1500 psi
Transmission
Mercaptan
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S)

Question 3

Natural gas is delivered directly to customers via _____ pipelines. These pipelines are typically _____diameter, ___pressure pipelines constructed of ___, ___, or ____. Natural gas in (___) pipelines is _____ with mercaptan.

Answer 3

Distribution
Smaller-diameter 
Lower-pressure
Steel, plastic, or cast iron
Odorized

Question 4

Many ______ pipelines different types of _____ in the same pipeline. To do so, the pipeline operator sends different products in “____”.

Answer 4

Liquid petroleum x2

Batches

Question 5

Some liquid pipelines transport __________ that rapidly change from liquid to gaseous when released from a pressurized pipeline. Examples of these liquids include _____, _____, ____, and others.

Answer 5

Highly volatile liquids

Carbon dioxide, anhydrous ammonia, propane, and others

Question 6

Since pipelines are usually _____, pipeline ___ are used to indicate their presence in an area along the pipeline route. Of the three types of pipelines typically buried underground-___,____,and ___-only ____ pipelines are marked.

Answer 6

Buried underground
Pipeline markers
Distribution, gathering, and transmission
Only transmission

Question 7

Markers for pipelines transporting materials containing dangerous levels of Hydrogen sulfide may have markers that say: ____ or ____.
Natural gas _____ pipelines are not marked with above ground signs.
_____ pipelines are often not marked with above ground signs.

Answer 7

“Sour” or “poison”
Distribution
Gathering/production

Question 8

______-compressor stations, valves, metering stations

Answer 8

Natural gas transmission pipelines

Question 9

______-regulator stations, customer meters and regulators, valve box covers

Answer 9

Natural gas distribution pipelines

Question 10

_____- compressor stations, valves, metering stations, wellheads, piping, manifolds

Answer 10

Natural gas gathering/well production pipelines

Question 11

_____- Storage tanks, valves, pump stations, loading racks

Answer 11

Petroleum and hazardous liquids pipelines

Question 12

Pipeline releases can range from ____ to ______.

Answer 12

Relatively minor leaks to catastrophic ruptures