Pioneers of Science

Question 1

Greek philosopher, categorized all living things into 5 elements: earth, air, water, fire, aether.

Answer 1

Aristotle

Question 2

Studied the hearth and circulatory system, used dead bodies and others animals and dissected them, discovered the heart and circulatory system were interconnected with blood in them.

Answer 2

William Harvey

Question 3

Developed early compound microscope(2 lenses), examined a piece of cork, creating the name for cells.

Answer 3

Robert Hooke

Question 4

Modified Robert Hooke microscope and made it better and simpler using one lens, he observed bacteria and protists. Often mistaken to be the inventor of the microscope.

Answer 4

Anton Van Leeuwenheok

Question 5

Challenged the idea of spontaneous generation(non living things create living things) at a macroscopic level. Used flies and meat in a jar.

Answer 5

Franceso Redi

Question 6

Developed binomial system for naming organisms that is used today. Created the system of binomial nomenclature.

Answer 6

Carolus Linnaeus

Question 7

Created the first vaccine. Used cowpox as a cure for smallpox. Tested on himself and his son to prove it.

Answer 7

Edward Jenner

Question 8

Group of scientists whose research supported the development of the Cell Theory. (1) all plants are made up of cells. (2) all animals are made up of cells. (3) all cells come from existing cells.

Answer 8

Schleiden, Schwann, Virchow

Question 9

Challenged the idea of spontaneous generation at a microscopic level. Developed a special flask S-shaped. Tested it with microbes and broth. Microbes existed everywhere.

Answer 9

Louis Pasteur

Question 10

Use Louis Pasteur findings. Was a surgeon whose infections kill most of the patients. Started cleaning instruments and covering patients during surgery for sanitary. Hospitals became a safer place.

Answer 10

Joseph Lister

Question 11

Father of Modern Genetics. Discovered patterns of inheritance through his work with breeding pea plants. Ideas weren’t accepted until decades after his death.

Answer 11

Gregor Mendel

Question 12

Co-proposed the theory of natural selection and evolution.(1) traveled to the Galapagos and studied the animals there. Didn’t publish his findings until convinced by his colleague(2) who create his own theory on natural selection. (1) becomes more famous and credited than (2).

Answer 12

Charles Darwin & Alfred Wallace

Question 13

Physiologist famous for work with classical conditioning behavior in dogs. Taught dogs to associated the sound of bell to food.

Answer 13

Ivan Pavlov

Question 14

Discovered penicillin(the first antibiotic medicine) when mold accidentally infected bacteria plates.

Answer 14

Alexander Fleming

Question 15

Worked with the development of stored blood and blood banks during WW2. Protested against racial segregation of blood.

Answer 15

Charles Drew

Question 16

Developed a vaccine for polio using a deactivated polio virus to create a protective immunity against the disease.

Answer 16

Jonas Salk

Question 17

Studied Animal behavior. Studied geese. Found out the young geese follow their mother goose.

Answer 17

Konrad Lorenz

Question 18

(2) Head of a lab. Did experiments with X-ray crystallography. Used it to determine the shape of a molecule. (1) Worked for (2). (1) conducted experiments to show DNA molecule to be a helix. Shared data with Watson and Crick.

Answer 18

Rosalind Franklin & Maurice Wilkins

Question 19

Able to model the DNA molecule. The model was made out of metal and showed the DNA as a double helix. Worked with Wilkins and Franklin.

Answer 19

James Watson and Francis Crick

Question 20

Husband and Wife. Discovered ancient hominid fossils in Eastern Africa in a quest to find the origin of humans. Supported Darwin’s theory of evolution and fond fossil evidence of human past in Africa.

Answer 20

Mary & Louis Leakey

Question 21

Tried to stimulate early Earth’s environment in a laboratory experiment by placing gases found in Earth’s primitive environment and adding electrical shocks like lightning. Over 20 amino acids were created from non living things. Suggested a possible origin of life and abiogenesis in nature.

Answer 21

Miller & Urey

Question 22

Wrote and publish book call Silent Spring. Warned the dangers of pesticides and the danger of DDT bio magnifications in the bald eagle. The most public environmentalist in America.

Answer 22

Rachel Carson

Question 23

Legendary observational studies on wild chimpanzees. Work is originally supported by Louis Leakey. Continues to be one of the longest uninterrupted observation field studies of any wild animal in its natural surroundings. Still continues to work for preservation.

Answer 23

Jane Goodall