Pioneers of Psychology

Question 1

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer 1

• Father of Psychology
• thoughts, feelings, and images
• first to apply scientific method to behavior
• ideas helped found structuralism

Question 2

Edward Titchter

Answer 2

• Father of American Psychology
• understand the mind via introspection
• brought psychology to the US
• ideas helped found structuralism

Question 3

Charles Darwin

Answer 3

• Founder of Evolutionary Psychology
• ancestors influence our actions
• we behave out of self-preservation/survival
• believed humans and animals thought alike

Question 4

G. Stanley Hall

Answer 4

• studied children and youth
• reformed schools and system of education
• first president of the APA

Question 5

William James

Answer 5

• brought credibility to psychology as a science
• wrote “The Principles of Psychology”
• utilized pragmatism and functionalism

Question 6

John B. Watson

Answer 6

• Father of Behavioralism
• focused on external behaviors (overt)
• conducted Little Albert Experiment—conditioned fear in children

Question 7

Sigmund Freud

Answer 7

• the unconscious mind and dream analysis
• not scientific at all
• psychoanalytic psychology—how the unconscious mind + childhood affect behavior
• defense mechanisms—repression and effects of trauma/unconscious mind
• developed concept of human psyche (ID, ego, superego)

Question 8

Christine Ladd-Franklin

Answer 8

• vision and color perception
• differentiation between colors is evolutionary development
• published “Color and Color Theories”

Question 9

Mary Calkins

Answer 9

• published self-psychology papers
• studied under William James
• first female APA president

Question 10

Margaret Washburn

Answer 10

• studied behavior and cognition
• proved mental elements are just as important as behavioral ones
• studied under Edwards Titchner
• first woman to get psychology Ph.D

Question 11

Leta Hollingworth

Answer 11

• cognitive, perceptual, and motor skills
• wrote first textbook on women’s and gifted children’s psychology
• influenced educational psychology

Question 12

Dorothea Dix

Answer 12

• proved mental illness can be treated and cured

* changed how the mentally ill were cared for

Question 13

Francis Sumner

Answer 13

• psychoanalysis—social differences i.e. treatment of Black vs. White people
• studied under G. Stanley Hall
• first Black person to receive Ph.D

Question 14

Ruth Howard

Answer 14

• school psychology
• structuralist
• first Black woman to receive Ph.D
• helped open field to more diversity