Pioneers of Immunology Flashcards
What is Thucydides best known for in the context of immunology?
Discovered that “the same man was never attacked twice - at least fatally” by disease. (Ancient Greece, 430 BC)
What is Celcus best known for in the context of immunology?
Named the four cardinal signs of inflammation.
1. Redness 2. Swelling 3. Heat 4. Pain
What is Galen best known for in the context of immunology?
Argued the 4 cardinal signs of inflammation caused a loss of function, allowing the body to heal.
Who were the first groups to discover immunization?
The Chinese, inhaling grounds crusts from small pox pustules. The Turks, inserted crusts from small pox pustules into small cuts in the skin to confer immunity. (12th century)
What is Lady Mary Wortley Montague best known for in the context of immunology?
Allowed her child to be vaccinated against small pox, introducing technique to Britain and the western world (1718).
What is Edward Jenner best known for in the context of immunology?
He developed a safer way to protect against small pox by vaccinating a child using cow pox, after noticing that dairy farmers would not die from small pox.
What is John Snow best known for in the context of immunology?
Discovered that the bacterial disease, cholera, traveled through contaminated drinking water.
What is Robert Koch best known for in the context of immunology?
Formulated Koch’s Postulates to categorize the relationship between microbes and disease.
What are Koch’s postulates?
- Organism should be constantly present in those suffering from the disease, and absent in healthy individuals.
- Organism must be cultured in a pure culture way from the animal body
- Such culture, when inoculated into animals, should cause disease.
- Organism should be re-isolated from experimental animals and cultured again in a lab, after which it should be the same as the original organism.
What is Louis Pasteur best known for in the context of immunology?
Discovered pretreatment with attenuated Cholera bacteria conferred protection to chickens.
He developed an Anthrax vaccine in Sheep, and a rabies vaccine.
What is Emil von Behring best known for in the context of immunology?
Reported transfer of serum from an animal immunized to diptheria could confer protection to another individual, leading to the concept of humoral immunity.
What is Paul Ehrlich best known for in the context of immunology?
Believed immune cells had many specific side chains with their own specificity, and that binding of a pathogen to a side chain would trigger production and release of many more side chains with the same specificity. (Later proven false)
What is Elie Metchnikoff best known for in the context of immunology?
Observed that some cells from sea urchins were able to internalize particulate matter, leading to the concept of cell-mediated immunity.
What is James Gowans best known for in the context of immunology?
He proposed that adaptive immunity was mediated by lymphocytes. Gowans discovered that the removal of small lymphocytes led to the loss of an adaptive immune response.
What is Jacques Miller best known for in the context of immunology?
Miller proposed two different subsets of lymphocytes, B and T cells. B cells were produced in the bone marrow, and T cells were produced in the thymus. NK cells produced in the spleen were later discovered to be a third type of lymphocyte.
