Pioneers in Psychology Flashcards
What is Introspection?
Examining your own feelings
Who created Introspection?
Socrates
What is Associationism?
The theory that association with past experiences is a basic principle of mental activity.
Who created Associationism?
Aristotle
What is Structuralism?
A study focused on the basic elements of consciousness.
Who created Structuralism?
Wilhelm Wundt
What is Functionalism?
The study of how mental processes help organisms adapt to their environments.
Who created Functionalism?
William James
What is Psychoanalysis?
Emphasizes unconscious motives and internal conflicts in human behavior.
Who created Psychoanalysis?
Sigmund Frued
What is Psychodynamic Thinking?
Assumes that most of what exists in an individual’s mind is unconscious, which consists of conflicting impulses, urges & wishes.
Who created Psychodynamic Thinking?
Sigmund Frued
What is Behaviorism?
Defines psychology as the scientific study of observable behavior.
Who created Behaviorism?
John B. Watson
What is Reinforcement?
Shows that humans are just like animals in the way that they are more likely to preform actions that they are rewarded for or that are reinforced.
Who created Reinforcement?
B. F.Skinner
What is Gestalt Psychology?
The whole is greater than the sum of its parts. Objects are wholes that give shape and meaning to their parts. (Against Structuralism and Behaviorism)
Who created Gestalt Psychology?
Max Wertheimer, Kurt Koffa, Wolfgang Kohler
What is Psychology?
The scientific study of human behavior and mental processes. The word psychology comes from the Greek words “psyche” meaning life and “logos” meaning explanation.
What is Behavior?
Anything an organism does.
What are mental processes?
Internal subjective experiences we infer from behavior such as perceptions, thoughts, and feelings.
Who established the first psychology laboratory?
Wilhelm Wundt
Where was the first psychology laboratory established?
Leipzig, Germany
When was the first psychology clinic established?
1879
