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Psychology 22-23 > Pioneers in Psychology > Flashcards

Pioneers in Psychology Flashcards

1
Q

What is Introspection?

A

Examining your own feelings

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2
Q

Who created Introspection?

A

Socrates

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3
Q

What is Associationism?

A

The theory that association with past experiences is a basic principle of mental activity.

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4
Q

Who created Associationism?

A

Aristotle

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5
Q

What is Structuralism?

A

A study focused on the basic elements of consciousness.

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6
Q

Who created Structuralism?

A

Wilhelm Wundt

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7
Q

What is Functionalism?

A

The study of how mental processes help organisms adapt to their environments.

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8
Q

Who created Functionalism?

A

William James

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9
Q

What is Psychoanalysis?

A

Emphasizes unconscious motives and internal conflicts in human behavior.

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10
Q

Who created Psychoanalysis?

A

Sigmund Frued

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11
Q

What is Psychodynamic Thinking?

A

Assumes that most of what exists in an individual’s mind is unconscious, which consists of conflicting impulses, urges & wishes.

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12
Q

Who created Psychodynamic Thinking?

A

Sigmund Frued

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13
Q

What is Behaviorism?

A

Defines psychology as the scientific study of observable behavior.

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14
Q

Who created Behaviorism?

A

John B. Watson

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15
Q

What is Reinforcement?

A

Shows that humans are just like animals in the way that they are more likely to preform actions that they are rewarded for or that are reinforced.

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16
Q

Who created Reinforcement?

A

B. F.Skinner

17
Q

What is Gestalt Psychology?

A

The whole is greater than the sum of its parts. Objects are wholes that give shape and meaning to their parts. (Against Structuralism and Behaviorism)

18
Q

Who created Gestalt Psychology?

A

Max Wertheimer, Kurt Koffa, Wolfgang Kohler

19
Q

What is Psychology?

A

The scientific study of human behavior and mental processes. The word psychology comes from the Greek words “psyche” meaning life and “logos” meaning explanation.

20
Q

What is Behavior?

A

Anything an organism does.

21
Q

What are mental processes?

A

Internal subjective experiences we infer from behavior such as perceptions, thoughts, and feelings.

22
Q

Who established the first psychology laboratory?

A

Wilhelm Wundt

23
Q

Where was the first psychology laboratory established?

A

Leipzig, Germany

24
Q

When was the first psychology clinic established?

A

1879

Psychology 22-23 (2 decks)

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