Pioneers in Neurofeedback

Question 1

_____________ was a German physician who reported the presence of electrical signals as a marker of peripheral nerve impulses (action potential) in 1848

Answer 1

Emil Dubois Raymond

Question 2

The first to discover and record electrical activity in the brains of animals.

Answer 2

Richard Caton

Question 3

Credited with the first measures of Event Related Potentials (ERP)

Answer 3

Richard Caton

Question 4

__________ recorded EEG activity on the scalp of humans in 1924

Answer 4

Hans Berger

Question 5

_________discovered the Berger Rhythm of 10Hz Alpha waves in 1924.

Answer 5

Hans Berger

Question 6

Beta waves that occur when eyes are open

Answer 6

Alpha blocking discovered by Hans Berger

Question 7

_____________ we’re two British researchers who confirmed Berger’s observations of alpha rhythm.

Answer 7

Edgar Adrian and Bryan Matthews

Question 8

____________ A researcher who proved all-or-none law of electrical output of nerve cells in 1934

Answer 8

Edgar Adrian

Question 9

A British researcher who developed a oscillograph and differential amplifier

Answer 9

Bryan Matthews

Question 10

An American neurologist who demonstrated abnormal EEG rhythms associated with epilepsy in 1934

Answer 10

Frederick Gibbs

Question 11

__________ categorized the EEG into standard bandwidths in 1935

Answer 11

Frederic Bremer

Question 12

____________ discovered delta waves in 1937 and theta waves in 1953

Answer 12

W. Gray Walter

Question 13

A historical figure who published standards for measuring brain waves on the scalp of humans (i.e. 10-20 system)

Answer 13

Herbert H. Jasper

Question 14

These two individuals described the EEG and phenomenology of sleep states and transitions and laid out basic patterns of sleep cycles bridged by conscious transitions

Answer 14

Nathaniel Kleitmsn and William Dement

Question 15

These two researchers from Yale University developed biofeedback as a means of gaining voluntary control the autonomic nervous system (operant conditioning)

Answer 15

Neal Miller and Leo DeCara

Question 16

This individual demonstrated the thalamic pacemaker control mechanism through the thalamo-cortical loop in 1968

Answer 16

Per Anderson

Question 17

This researcher discovered long-term potentiation (LTP) and described synchronous 7 Hz burst originating in the thalamic nuclei that introduced brain idling rhythms like alpha an absence of environmental challenge

Answer 17

Per Anderson

Question 18

____________ discovered that he could use operant conditioning on cats to increase their sensory motor rhythm along the sensory motor cortex. He found up training SMR increased the resistance to seizure in cats and humans in 1969

Answer 18

Berry Sterman

Question 19

Joel Lubar is known for studying which disorders

Answer 19

Attention Disorders and Epilepsy

Question 20

__________ developed for Training with LORETA guided neurofeedback to localized and trade regions of interest

Answer 20

Joel Lubar

Question 21

Joel Lubar’s earliest ADHD protocols involved placing sensors bilaterally halfway between Cz and Fz or halfway between Cz and Fz and increasing _______ while decreasing ______

Answer 21

Increasing Beta 16 to 20 Hz while decreasing Thera 4 to 8 Hz

Question 22

What disorders did Margaret Ayers most commonly work with?

Answer 22

Brain injured clients and coma patients

Question 23

Who trained Brian Othmer?

Answer 23

Margaret Ayers

Question 24

Who worked with Margaret Ayers and developed a comprehensive protocol selection based on symptomology and developed the first two-computer game based EEG biofeedback systems

Answer 24

Sue and Siegfried Othmer

Question 25

__________ discovered he could help students decrease state and trait anxiety by increasing alpha rhythm in 1978.

Answer 25

Joseph Kamiya

Question 26

Joseph Kamiya demonstrated operant conditioning of alpha rhythm and investigated EEG correlates of__________

Answer 26

Meditational states

Question 27

Who organized the first specific meeting of biofeedback researchers in 1969 on Catalina Island in California?

Answer 27

Barbara Brown

Question 28

What was the original name for the Association for Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback (AAPB)?

Answer 28

Biofeedback Society of America

Question 29

___________ was one of the earliest researchers in biofeedback and develop the Twilight Learner the first neurofeedback system in collaboration with John Picchiottino and was the first to explore phonic stimulation and neural feedback

Answer 29

Thomas Budzynski

Question 30

Which researcher developed the relaxation response, the opposite of fight or flight response, in 1975?

Answer 30

Herbert Benson

Question 31

What condition did Vincent Monastra research?

Answer 31

QEEG studies of theta beta ratio and ADHD

Question 32

What three individuals worked towards the development of the slow wave paradigm and Alpha Theta training

Answer 32

Joseph Kamiya, Thomas Budzynski, and Elmer Green

Question 33

What are Thomas Collura and Robert Thatcher most known for

Answer 33

Developing the process of 19 channel Z score training

Question 34

Recently Thomas Collura developed what training?

Answer 34

sLORETA

Question 35

What training system did the Othmer’s develop?

Answer 35

Infra-Slow Training (ISF)

Question 36

Who developed the Low Energy Neurofeedback System

Answer 36

Len Ochs

Question 37

Who developed Neurofield, A combination of micro tesla pulsing and neurofeedback

Answer 37

Nick Dogris

Question 38

What was Richard Soutar‘s contribution to the neurofeedback field?

Answer 38

Expanded EEG Training Protocol methodologies into photic driven two channel bilateral compensatory training that is widely used in conjunction with biopsychosocial database approach to protocol implementation

Question 39

Which two researchers put forth the first efforts to develop a normative database in 1973

Answer 39

Matousek & Petersen

Question 40

Who were the authors of the first book on QEEG using a normative reference in 1977

Answer 40

E. Roy John and Robert Thatcher

Question 41

Which Harvard professor developed the Brain Electrical Mapping System in the 1980s

Answer 41

Frank Duffy

Question 42

__________ developed the first topographic maps based on normative databases in 1982

Answer 42

Frank Duffy

Question 43

Nieks Birmaumer demonstrated operant conditioning of ______________ and was the first develop a brain controlled interface for communication in ALS patients

Answer 43

Slow cortical potentials

Question 44

Who developed Neuroguide

Answer 44

Robert Thatcher in 1989

Question 45

What is Jay Gunkleman known for

Answer 45

He began using brain maps for clinical protocol development and promoted their use in the neurofeedback community

Question 46

Who has completed much of their research with head trauma and has developed a database that has proven to be very accurate in diagnosing levels of severity along with new insights regarding the relationship between gray matter and white matter tissue distraction and their resulting consequences in the EEG production within the brain?

Answer 46

Robert Thatcher

Question 47

Who invented the modern QEEG

Answer 47

Marvin Sams

Question 48

What is Elmer Green known for

Answer 48

1. Theta wave training 2. “Beyond Biofeedback” 3. Voluntary control of internal states 4. Temperature training for Reynaud’s disease, migraines, and blood pressure control at the Menninger clinic 5. Alpha Theta training

Question 49

Peniston and Kulosky protocol

Answer 49

The use of Alpha Theta training with alcoholism and PTSD

Question 50

Who proposed the idea that theta states provide shifts in neurochemistry which allow traumatic memories to be integrated?

Answer 50

Nancy White

Question 51

Who replicated Peniston‘s work with Alpha Theta and what is the name of his highly innovative program which converts neurofeedback data into abstract images in real time?

Answer 51

Bill Scott, Brainpaint

Question 52

Who coined the term “profound attention “and what does this mean?

Answer 52

Adam Crane, the outcome of both alpha training and the process, and antidotal phenomenon

Question 53

Who worked with Adam Crane and developed the Five Phases of CNS Functional Transformation in 1995, an approach involving training both sides of the brain at the same time over the motor strip using multiple frequencies and reinforcement tones?

Answer 53

Valdeen Brown

Question 54

Who developed the program called Neuroptimal?

Answer 54

Valdeen Brown

Question 55

Anna Weiss did not use EEG feedback in the usual manner, rather she _____________.

Answer 55

Employed operant conditioning directly as mental exercise to develop the mind and measured the EEG of enlightened individuals and other peak performers calling it the “awakened mind brain wave pattern.’

Question 56

Who was the first to patent a method and device for asymmetry training

Answer 56

Peter Rosenfeld

Question 57

Which Harvard professor identified in detail the Default Mode Network in 2008

Answer 57

Randy Buckner

Question 58

Randy Buckner identified regions of the brain combining activity related to _________________ (4)

Answer 58

Autobiographical processing, envisioning the future, theory of mind, and moral decision making

Question 59

Hagamann used the Diffusion Tensor Imaging Methods to show fiber tract patterns corresponding with the _______ and specifically traced their connectivity patterns

Answer 59

DMN

Question 60

Buckholtz and Meyer-Lindenberg in 2013 proposed what in regards to the DMN?

Answer 60

Difficulties in shifting between the DMN and various other patterns of activity such as activation of the External Attention System can be used to assess mental illness

Question 61

What is the definition of Neurometrics and who pioneered the concept?

Answer 61

E. Roy John described Neurometrics as a method of quantitative EEG that provides a precise, reproducible estimate of the deviation of an individual record from normal

Question 62

As per Andrew Abarbanel, what two systems are involved in generating neuralplasticity

Answer 62

Neuromodulation and long-term potentiation

Question 63

What three areas does Juri Kropotov ?study

Answer 63

Event Related Potentials, QEEG, and Neurotherapy

Question 64

Who is the cofounder of HBIMED?

Answer 64

Juri Kropotov

Question 65

Who developed LORETA?

Answer 65

Robert Pasqual Marqui

Question 66

What do you researchers are involved with Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback?

Answer 66

Paul Lehrer & Eugene Vaschillo