PIONEERING STUDIES ON CELL MEM STRUCTUES

Question 1

ERNEST OVERTON

Answer 1

identified selectively permeable envelop around celll

identified cholesterol and lecithin as cell membrane components

Question 2

IRVING LANGMUIR

Answer 2

studied the behavior of lipid monolayer

oil fil
(philic - water
phobic - surface)

Question 3

GORTER AND GRENDEL

Answer 3

extracted membrane lipids from RBC and spread them as monolayer
2:1 (lipid when spread as monolayer covered twice the area of RVC)

Question 4

HUGH DAVSON AND JAMES DANIELLI

Answer 4

developed protein-lipid sandwich

Question 5

SJOSTRAND ET AL

Answer 5

noted 2 thin dark bands seoarated by a light region on the electron micrograph of the CM

wrongly identified the structure as protiens

Question 6

J. DACID ROBERTSON

Answer 6

trilaminar appearance of the CM under electron microscope.

dark bands as polar heads with assoc protein.

proposed unit membrane model.

Question 7

MULER AND RUDIN

Answer 7

membrane appears dark in reflected light

recognized that membrane consists of 
biomolecular lipid
exhibits lateral fluidity
high electrical resistance
self healing

Question 8

FRYE AND EDIDIN

Answer 8

demonstrated lateral fluidity of the membrane by using fluorescent dye

Question 9

SINGER NICOLSON (1972)

Answer 9

fmmm has phospholipid bilayer

Question 10

SINGER NICOLSON (1976)

Answer 10

extracellular and cytoskeletal interaxrion that affecrs the mobility and distribution of transmembrane protein

presence of semi frozen or frozen island which represent the lipidlipid and lipidlrotein domains in fluid phospholipid

Question 11

NICOLSON (2014)

Answer 11

incorporated lipid rafts, membrane domain and cytoskeletal fencing

CM exists as non random non uniform elements in thermodynamic equilibrium phase with some fluctuation.