PinakaFinal Flashcards
1
Q
A process by which two or more persons exchange ideas, facts, impressions in way that each gains a common understanding of the meaning, content and use of message
A
COMMUNICATION
2
Q
Communication is a purposeful process, which involves _______, _____, ____ and ______.
A
sources, messages, channels and receivers
3
Q
The interchange or transfer of message, feelings and information between two
persons or more than two persons
A
COMMUNICATION PROCESS
4
Q
A sender (encoder) encodes a message then using a medium/channel sends it to the _________ who decodes the message and after processing information, sends back appropriate ______ using a medium/channel.
A
receiver (decoder), feedback/reply
5
Q
also known as the “rhetorical triangle” or as the “speaker-audience message” model
A
ARISTOTLE’S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION
6
Q
In Aristotle’s Model of Communication, what are the three main elements?
A
Speaker, Audience, Message
7
Q
the person who is delivering the message. (Based on AMOC)
A
Speaker
8
Q
responsible for creating and delivering the message effectively and this includes not only the words but also the delivery style, tone and body language
A
Speaker
9
Q
group of people who receive the message and considered as essential part of
the communication process
A
Audience
10
Q
the speaker needs to understand the audience’s _____, _____, _____ and _______ to effectively communicate the message
A
needs, interests, beliefs and values
11
Q
The content of what is being communicated and should be clear, concise and persuasive.
A
Message
12
Q
the message should be crafted with the
______ in mind to ensure that it is relevant and engaging
A
audience
13
Q
What are the elements of communication?
A
Ethos - Credibility
Pathos - Emotion
Logos - Logic
14
Q
It is the process of the speaker establishing his credibility about the subject he’s talking about
A
ETHOS = “credibility”
15
Q
______, ______, ______ of the author, writer persuades the audience
A
character, credibility, reputation
16
Q
emotional appeal of a message
A
PATHOS = “emotion”
17
Q
can be conveyed through various elements of communications, such as tone of voice, facial expressions, body language and the use of vivid language and imagery
A
PATHOS = “emotion”
18
Q
logical or rational appeal of a
message
A
LOGOS = “logic”
19
Q
Logos can be seen as the _______ or ________ behind a message and it is often used to appeal to the audience’s sense of logic or reason
A
argument or reasoning
20
Q
LEVELS OF COMMUNICATION
A
EXTRA PERSONAL COMMUNICATION
INTRAPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION
MASS COMMUNICATION
21
Q
the way of communication in which a human interacts with other species or nonliving objects
A
EXTRA PERSONAL COMMUNICATION
22
Q
communication with the own self or an act of imagination and visualization and even recall and memory
A
INTRAPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
23
Q
a method of communication that helps
every person to communicate with himself
or herself
A
INTRAPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
24
Q
process by which people exchange information, feelings and meaning through verbal and non-verbal messages
A
INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
25
sending and receiving of
messages between two or
more number of people
INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
26
exchange of information, ideas and
views within and outside the organization
ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION
27
it is formal and generally objective form communication
ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION
28
a process in which a person, group of people or an organization sends a message through a channel of communication to a large group of people and organizations
MASS COMMUNICATION
29
the process whereby media organizations produce and transmit message to public and the process by which those messages are sought, used, understood and influenced by audience
MASS COMMUNICATION
30
any obstruction that comes from the source and receiver that aids in altering the original meaning of the message
BARRIERS TO GOOD COMMUNICATION
31
BARRIERS TO GOOD COMMUNICATION
SEMANTIC BARRIERS
PSYCHOLOGICAL BARRIERS
ORGANIZATIONAL BARRIERS
CULTURAL BARRIERS
PHYSICAL BARRIERS
PHYSIOLOGICAL BARRIERS
32
also known as language barriers
SEMANTIC BARRIERS
33
these barriers are caused due to improper
communication between the sender and
the receiver
SEMANTIC BARRIERS
34
plays an important role in interpersonal
communication as the state of mind of the sender or the receiver can make it difficult to understand the information that is conveyed
PSYCHOLOGICAL BARRIERS
35
caused due to the structure, rules and regulations present in the organization
ORGANIZATIONAL BARRIERS
36
complexity of organizational structure and multiple managers make it difficult to convey information properly and the
information gets distorted leading to miscommunication
ORGANIZATIONAL BARRIERS
37
those that arise due to lack of similarities
among the different cultures across the
world
CULTURAL BARRIERS
38
a term that can be harmless in one culture
can be regarded as a slang in another culture
CULTURAL BARRIERS
39
those that arise due to certain factors like faulty equipment, noise, closed doors and cabins that cause the information sent from sender to receiver to become distorted
PHYSICAL BARRIERS
40
arise when a sender or receiver of the communication is not in position to express or receive the message with clarity due to some physiological issues like dyslexia or nerve disorders that interfere with speech or hearing
PHYSIOLOGICAL BARRIERS
41
a process that revolves around the people’s lives, experiences and aspirations
COMMUNITY ORGANIZING
42
a process that is people centered and geared towards continuing capability building, self-reliance and empowerment
COMMUNITY ORGANIZING
43
the fundamental aspect of community organization is the principle of “______” which promotes the people to unite to address a common issue that includes forest management
cooperation
44
organizing is about ______
empowering
45
Principles of Community Organizing
Social justice
Active participation of local community
Cooperation of local communities
46
Importance of Community Organizing
Encourage active participation of the
people
Cooperation between forestry extensionist and local community
personnel
47
Participants of CO
Local communities
LGUs’ and NGOs
DENR
48
the upland people
Local communities
49
They help in organizing and assisting the local people in the local community and responsible in linkaging, facilitating and organizing activities
LGUs’ and NGOs
50
issuance of department orders and regulations as a guideline of the LGUs for the implementation of projects
DENR
51
WHO IS A COMMUNITY ORGANIZER?
an individual who mobilizes the community to support a cause, develops programs or initiates any other positive social impact
52
Roles of Community Organizer
INNOVATOR
GUIDE
COMMUNICATOR
ENABLER
EXPERT
COUNSELOR
ANIMATOR
COLLABORATOR
CONSULTANT
MODEL
MOTIVATOR
CATALYST
ADVOCATE
FACILITATOR
MEDIATOR
53
STAGES OF COMMUNITY ORGANIZING
a. Entry into the community
b. Community immersion
c. Core group formation
d. Formation of the Community Based Organization (CBO)
e. Community capacity building
f. Participatory community research
g. Community planning for problem solving
h. Community resource mobilization
i. Project implementation
j. Exit from the community
54
process where the Community Organizer (CO) officially enters the community
Community entry
55
process of staying and living together with the people in the community and experience their way of life
COMMUNITY IMMERSION
56
made up of 5 – 7 individuals from the community
Core group
57
5 – 7 individuals from the community selected and recruited by the CO to help facilitate the formation of the Community Based Organization (CBO)
CORE GROUP FORMATION
58
an association of people living in the
same geographic location
Community Based Organization (CBO)
59
a process of developing and strengthening knowledge, skills and experience of the
CBO leaders and members
COMMUNITY CAPACITY BUILDING
60
a process of identifying, analyzing
and prioritizing community problems and their possible solutions
PARTICIPATORY COMMUNITY RESEARCH
61
process of developing a community action plan based on priorities, objectives and
resources towards community problem
solving
COMMUNITY PLANNING FOR PROBLEM SOLVING
62
a process of utilizing people and their resources towards accomplishing desired changes in the community
COMMUNITY RESOURCE MOBILIZATION
63
a process of carrying out projects and
activities towards achieving the desired
change
PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION
64
assessment of the project implementation process and activities and to check, whether the results are achieving the objectives of the desired change
Project monitoring
65
process of assessing the impact of the projects and activities of the community
Project evaluation
66
process whereby the Community Organizer (CO) gradually leaves the community as the CBO moves towards independence and selfreliance
Community exit
67
task of the organizer is to find the common community problems, make the community aware of the problems and then sit with them to find the solution best suited for the concerned community
MEDIATOR
68
the organizer provides support, motivation and ideas to the community so that people may march more easily and skillfully towards solving problems
FACILITATOR
69
the organizer as an advocate argues, debates, bargains, negotiates and confronts the forces working against the interest of the community
ADVOCATE
70
something which forces an increase in the rate of changes
CATALYST
71
CO first enables the people to bring the change then motivates them to sustain the process
CATALYST
72
CO encourages the community to take up minor task and complete it successfully. This in turn enables the people to take up more difficult tasks in future
MOTIVATOR
73
CO is often looked upon as a role model and a source of inspiration by people
MODEL
74
a person who provides expert guidance on solving a problem or implementing a solution
CONSULTANT
75
providing expert knowledge and information to achieve planned goals and
objectives
CONSULTANT
76
CO is expected to have a good network
and must have knowledge of other
organizations working in the same community and for the same cause
COLLABORATOR
77
CO helps the people to come forward and participate in all phases of the process, from planning to evaluation
ANIMATOR
78
CO must know the history and composition of the community, what they like, what irritates them and how they have reacted in the past to certain circumstances
COUNSELOR
79
CO helps the community to understand its own structure, dynamics, potentialities and constraints
EXPERT
80
enabling the community to engage in establishing goals, objectives and setting priorities
ENABLER
81
CO transfers relevant information and knowledge to the community
COMMUNICATOR
82
guiding the community groups in the process through difficulties encountered
GUIDE
83
organizers needs to alter the already tested plans and process to cater local aspirations
INNOVATOR
84
a process for predicting and managing the potential environmental impacts of development projects or land use activities
IMPACT ANALYSIS
85
a process of research, planning and the management of social change or consequences arising from policies, plans, developments and projects
SOCIAL IMPACT ANALYSIS
86
What are the amin patterns of SIA?
1. Scoping and Planning
2. Baseline Assessment
3. Impact Identification
4. Impact Assessment
5. Mitigation and Enhancement Measure
6. Reporting and Communication
7. Reporting and Communication
8. Feedback and Learning
87
It involves defining the scope of the analysis, identifying key stakeholders and establishing the objectives and methods of the assessment.
Scoping and Planning
88
It is conducting a comprehensive analysis of the existing social conditions and dynamics in the project area before intervention takes place.
Baseline Assessment
89
It is determining the direst and indirect impacts of the intervention on various stakeholders.
Impact Identification
90
The quantifying and qualifying the identified impacts using methods such as surveys, interviews, focus groups and secondary data analysis.
Impact Assessment
91
The developing of strategies to mitigate adverse impacts and enhance positive outcomes
Mitigation and enhancement measure
92
Establishing monitoring mechanisms to track the implementation of mitigation measures and asses the actual social impacts of the intervention overtime.
Mitigation and enhancement measure
93
Communicating the findings of the SIA to stakeholders, decision makers and the broader community in a clear and accessible manner.
Reporting and Communication
94
Encouraging ongoing dialogues and feedback from stakeholders to continually refine and improve the SIA process.
Feedback and Learning
95
The assessment and learning approach that places emphasis on empowering local people to assume active role in analyzing their own living conditions, problems, and potentials in order to seek for a change of their situation.
Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA)
96
A research methodology developed in the 1970's and 1980's as a response to the need for quick, cost-effective and participatory approaches to understanding rural communities
Rapid Rural Appraisal
97
What are the similarities of PRA and RRA?
Both are systems of collecting and analyzing info. about rural life.
Consist of an approach and a set of techniques.
Similar Techniques
98
What is the difference of RPA and PRA?
The approaches
99
It helps the outsider to have a better, more sympathetic understanding of rural life, thus improving his/her decisions.
RRA
100
Empowers local community to analyze its situation and improve its decisions.
PRA
101
Principles and features of PRA/RRA
Respecting people’s knowledge and
learning from them
Optimal ignorance
Flexibility
Visualization
Triangulation
It involves a team of people working with a
community for several days
Analysis is done on field
Continuity
102
Techniques and Methods of PRA/RRA
1. Maps and Models
2. Community Sketch Maps
3. Transect Walk
4. Mobility Diagram
5. Venn Diagram
6. Ranking and Scoring
7. Semi-structured Interview
8. Participatory Problem Analysis
103
________ and _______ is where spatial data is analyzed through diagrams, maps and models.
Maps and Models
104
The techniques are pictorial or symbolic representation of information.
Maps and Models
105
A visual representation of what the community perceives as their community space.
Community sketch maps
106
Types of community maps
Social Maps
Physical and resource maps
Topical Maps
107
Specific types of map representing households according to certain indicators
Social Maps
108
It is drawn by the people show natural resource of an area, location and use of natural resources.
Physical and resource Maps
109
Specific topic maps that is drawn to draw attention to a particular type of information of the area
Topical Maps
110
a walk or a series of walks through an area with local informants to learn of the range of different condition, problems and opportunities in each of the area
Transect walk
111
used to understand the places traveled, resources collected and to identify the persons traveling
Mobility Diagram
112
A type of diagram that uses overlapping circles to represent the logical relation between specific things
Venn Diagram
113
a way in which various kinds of things can be compared according to different qualities people value
Ranking and Scoring
114
It helps to quickly get a good idea of what people think are the priority problem or preferences
Preference Ranking Method
115
Types of Ranking and Scoring
Preference Ranking Method
Direct matrix ranking
116
It used to list items to be compared along horizontal line and criteria on the vertical line to rank choices from most important to least important
Direct Matrix Ranking
117
It a guided interview where the major topics and a few key questions are formulated before the interview
Semi-structured interview
118
a method that enables stakeholders to examine their own problems
Participatory Problem Analysis
