Pilot Qualifications & Airworthiness Requirements Flashcards
What are the certification requirements to become a private pilot?
(7 items)
- 17 years of age
- Be able to read, write, speak, and understand English
- Hold at least a Third-Class medical certificate
- Hold a U.S. student, sport or recreational pilot certificate.
- Receive and log ground training from an authorized instructor
- Pass a knowledge test
- Receive a minimum of 40 hours of flight instruction and solo flight time (FAR Part 61) or 35 hours (FAR Part 141)
What recency of flight experience is needed to take your private pilot checkride?
40 hours total flight time
20 hours dual
- 3 hours cross-country
- 3 hours night time including a cross-country flight over 100 nautical miles, 10 TOLs (Full stop)
- 3 hours reference to instruments
- 3 hours of flight training with an authorized instructor in preparation for a practical test. Must be performed in the preceding two calendar months from test, in a single engine airplane.
10 hours solo
- 5 hours cross-country
- One solo cross-country of 150 nautical miles, straight line distance of more than 50 nautical miles, full stop landings at 3 points
- 3 take off and landings, full stop at an airport with operating control tower
How do you keep your pilot certificate current? (61.56)
flight review every 24 calendar months
logbook endorsement for proof
What are the options for completing a Flight Review? (61.56)
- 1 hour flight (maneuvers), 1 hour ground (generalops/flight rules from 14 CFR Part 91)
- pass an FAA checkride
- complete one or more phases of FAA Wings Program
What are the currency requirements for carrying passengers? (61.57)
- 3 TOLs within preceding 90 days in aircraft of same cat, class and type if required
- If at night, 3 TOLs must be made to full stops
Recordkeeping: Do you need to take your logbook with you? (61.51)
Only as a solo student pilot on a cross country
What privileges and limitations apply to a private pilot? (61.113) (91.146)
Privileges
- Act as PIC + carrying passengers
- conduct SAR
- fly for charitable, non-profit or community events
- act as aircraft salesman after gaining 200 hours
Limitations
- cannot fly for hire
- pay no less than pro rata share involving fuel, oil, airport expenditures or rental fees
What documents must you have with you to fly the airplane? (61.3)
Pilot certificate
Government issued photo ID, unexpired
Medical certificate, current and valid
What requirements must be fulfilled while operating under BasicMed privileges?
(5)
- current DL
- valid med cert held after July 15th 2006
- most recent med app cant have been denied
- complete physical every 4 years
- complete online med course every 2 years by AOPA/Mayo clinic
What are limitations while operating under BasicMed privileges?
- aircraft certified for 7 occupants or less
- fly only 6 passengers
- 12500 or less takeoff weight
- flights within US, US territories or Bahamas
- Fly below 18000 MSL
- 250 KIAS or less
- no compensation or hire
What is the difference between currency and proficiency? How does this apply to you as an aspiring private pilot?
Proficiency: still fly plane + perform duties needed for the job or you have the skills required
Currency: legal term describing minimums required to fly; does not guarantee proficiency
What are some risks associated with operating aircraft or systems with which you are unfamiliar?
increase likelihood/severity of accident/incident. Proficiency mitigates this risk
What are ways to become proficient in airplanes, or systems you are unfamiliar with?
ground knowledge, study systems, fly with proficient instructor/pilot
create personal minimums (avoid IFR/IMC)
Are there currency requirements for flying new avionics systems?
no requirements/legal barriers
this is where currency vs proficiency becomes important
What documents must be in the aircraft before flight? (91.9, 91.203)
ARROW CS acronym
- Airworthiness Certificate
- Registration
- Radio License (required for international flight)
- Operating Limitations (found in the POH)
- Weight and Balance equipment list
- Compass Deviation Card (If Magnetic compass is equipped)
- External Data Placard (Serial Number)
When does an aircraft registration certificate expire? (PHAK 8-6)
7 years
Which weight and balance information must be in the aircraft, the one on the takeoff data card or the one in the airplane flight manual?
Updated weight and balance equipment list in the POH
With respect to the certification, privileges, and limitations of airmen, what do category, class, and type mean? (61.5)
Category: Airplane, rotorcraft, glider, lighter than air
Class: single engine land/sea, multi engine land/sea
Type: specific to aircraft; needed when max gross weight is greater than 12500lbs, turbojet, FAA specified requirement
If a pilot changes his permanent mailing address, how long can the pilot continue to exercise the privileges of their pilot certificate without notifying the FAA? (61.60)
30 days
Can you act as pilot in command with an expired certificate?
No; cannot be PIC or required pilot crewmember of same cat/class listed on expired cert or rating
Does an Airworthiness Certificate ever expire?
only if inspections are completed on time + original design is adhered to
Who is responsible for ensuring an aircraft is maintained in an airworthy condition? (91.403)
The owner/operator
What are the required inspections for an aircraft to remain airworthy?
AV1ATES Acronym
- Annual – every 12 calendar months (91.409)
- VOR – every 30 days for IFR (91.171)
- 100 hour - if airplane is being operated for hire, for the airframe, powerplant, and propeller.
- Altimeter/Static Encoder – 24 calendar months; required for IFR flight (91.411)
- Transponder – 24 calendar months (91.413)
- ELT – 12 calendar months or after 1 hour cumulative use or half of battery life (91.207)
- Service bulletins and ADs complied with
What is an Airworthiness Directive? Is it mandatory? (PHAK 8-12)
mandatory; FAA issued order to fix a known issue
What different kinds of Airworthiness Directives are there?
Emergency: require immediate compliance before flight
One Time: one time compliance needed
Recurring: complied w/ by interval given
What is a Special Airworthiness Information Bulletin (SAIB)?
- tool used to alert, educate and provide recommendations to the aviation community
- contains non-regulatory info + guidance that do not reach Airworthiness Directive level
- search SAIB database in FAA Regulatory and Guidance Library
What is a special flight permit?
- aka ferry permit; special airworthiness cert for aircraft that is worthy for a specific flight only (doesnt meet current airworthiness reqs)
- all installed equipment must be operative for time of flight
When would you need a special flight permit?
- fly aircraft to base where repairs alterations, maintenance or storage is to occur
- delivering or exporting aircraft
- production flight/testing new production aircraft
- evacuating aircraft from areas of impending danger
- customer demo flight; aircraft completed production flight tests
- operation of overweight aircraft for flight beyond normal range where adequate facilities or fuel are not available
What is preventative maintenance? (Part 43)
- certified pilot (private, sport or higher) under 14 CFR Part 61 can perform specified preventative maintenance on any aircraft owned or operated
- does not apply to aircraft not owned or operated on
What are some examples of preventive maintenance a pilot can perform?
- remove, install, repair ldg gr tires
- service ldg gr wheel bearings, shocks, struts etc
- replace defective safety wire/cotter keys
- replace safety belts
- replace/service batteries
- replace/clean spark plugs + set spark plug gap clearance
Just because you’re allowed to perform preventive maintenance, should you?
self-asses quals to perform work safely/satisfactorily; use PIC mindset when making the decision to do so
Can you overfly an annual? 100 hour? (91.409)
- yes; obtain a special permit from Flight Standards District Office (FSDO)
- can overfly by no more than 10 hours to obtain inspection only
- Annual can be substituted for a 100hr
Do you always need to have an ELT in the airplane? (91.207)
Not needed for training within 50 nautical miles of home airport
When does an ELT battery have to be replaced or recharged? (91.207)
- 12 calendar months for inspection
- replace battery after 1 hour cumulative use or 50% of the battery life
What equipment and instruments do you need to have in the airplane for VFR flight? (91.205b)
ATOMOTOFLAMES & FLAPS Acronyms
ATOMOTOFLAMES (VFR Day)
- Altimeter
- Tachometer
- Oil temperature gauge
- Magnetic compass
- Airspeed Indicator
- Temperature gauge (for liquid cooled engines)
- Oil pressure
- Fuel quantity gauge
- Landing gear position indicator (for retractable landing gear)
- Anti-collision lights – Aviation red or white (e.g. red rotating beacon or white strobes)
- Manifold pressure gauge (for airplanes with a constant speed propeller)
- ELT
- Seatbelts
FLAPS (VFR Night)
- Fuses / Circuit Breakers
- Landing Light (only required if the flight is for hire)
- Anti-collision light
- Position lights
- Source of power (alternator/generator)
How about if you were to fly at night? (91.205c)
- Fuses; 3 of each kind or one complete set/circuit breakers
- Landing light if airplane flown for hire; flight training included
- Anti collision lights
- Position lights, nav lights
- Source of electricity - battery/alternator
What would you do if you found that the landing light was inoperative? (91.213)
- cannot flight at night for compensation or hire
- day flight = deactivate or remove it, placard it inop (remove circuit breakers)
Can you fly an airplane with known inoperative equipment?
TAPER PDL Acronym
Is it required?
- Type Certificate Data Sheet (Dynamic Regulatory System)
- Airworthiness Directives (Dynamic Regulatory System)
- Pilot’s Operating Handbook (Limitations Section)
- Equipment Lists (MEL, MMEL, KOEL)
- Regulations (91.205)
If not:
- Placard (Inoperative)
- Deactivate
- Log in maintenance binder
What is an MEL?
- Minimum Equipment List
- Provides information for minimum equipment needed for flight in specific conditions
- Conforms w/ Master Minimum Equipment List (MMEL) at minimum but can be more restrictive
Can an aircraft owner change an MEL?
Yes; draft a letter and proposed MEL based on MMEL sent to FAA for approval
What is a Kinds of Operation Equipment List?
- list of equipment installed in aircraft specifying what equipment is used for what ops
- KOEL is used to determine if the aircraft w/ inop equipment is airworthy
Where is the airworthiness and registration information located in the plane?
C-172; left pilot side, side pocket next to door
What pilot action is required if inoperative equipment is discovered prior to flight?
must be repaired, removed, replaced or inspected + properly deferred again at the next scheduled inspection
