Piliavin

Question 1

Background

Answer 1

Bystander behaviour

Kitty Genovese murder- attacked 3 times & no one helped or called the police (38 citizens witnessed)

Question 2

Aims

Answer 2

1) study bystander behaviour in realistic settings

2) see if helping behaviour was affected by 4 variables to test whether diffusion if responsibility occurred

Question 3

What’s diffusion of responsibility ?

Answer 3

Where a group of people witness an emergency,the responsibility is shared among the group so each individual is less likely to help

Question 4

Design

Answer 4

Field experiment

Question 5

Sample

Answer 5

-4550 passengers
45% black
55% white
-Opportunity sampling

Question 6

IV’s

Answer 6

1) Carrying a cane(ill)/drunk
2) victims race-Black/White
3) presence of model-close/distant to V
4) No. of bystanders

Question 7

DV’s

Answer 7

1) Time taken for 1st passenger to help
2) Total no. Of passengers who helped
Gender, race and position of each elder was noted and comments from passengers

Question 8

Procedure

Answer 8

• New York train:11am-3pm
• male experimenter faked collapse
• 7.5 min gap between stations
• Victim drunk/ill
• 2 females recorded results

Question 9

What were the 4 model conditions ?

Answer 9

• Critical areas helped after 70 seconds
• Critical area helped after 150 seconds
• Adjacent area helped after 70 seconds
• Adjacent area helped after 150 seconds

Question 10

Results

Answer 10

Cane |Drunk

helped
Spontaneously| 95%| 50%

helped in
Under 70 secs| 83%| 17%

Question 11

Conclusions

Answer 11

• An ill person is more likely to receive help.
• Men more likely to help another man than women
• No strong relationship between size of group and likelihood of helping(No support for diffusion of responsibility)
• People are more likely to help a drunk of the same race of themselves
• The linger the incident the less likely people are to help- more likely to leave the area and discuss the incident

Question 12

Strengths

Answer 12

+Natural environment- realistic situation
+Triangulation If Data
+Valid- actual helping is recorded rather than estimates
+eco Validity- Natural environment- seeing and drunk/ill person collapse is normal
+Understanding when People is likely to hell can save lives

Question 13

Weaknesses

Answer 13

• some may have seen incident more than once
• Unethical
• Internal reliability- didn’t have the same experiences (Time of day)
• 11am-3pm left those at work or in education under represented
• opportunity sampling unrepresentative