PIL C Flashcards
The test that measures the level of oxygen saturation of haemoglobin in the blood is called:
Pulse Oximetry
Anaesthetic agents for local anaesthesia
Lidocaine and Bupivacaine
Impaired respiratory function during anaesthesia can cause
Hypoxia, Hypercapnia and Cardia Aarythmias
When using short-acting anaesthetic agents in a long-term anesthesia refine you expect
an extended recovery period
Metetomidine and Xylazine work through the same mechanism of aztion
alpha-2 adrenergic receptors
What is the mechanism of action of phenothiazines and Chlorpomazine
Dopaminergic receptor antagonist
It is advisable to reduce as much as possible the last of Stage II of anesthesia
True
An opoid analgesic and a tranquilizer
is a Neurplepticanalgesia
As a routine fluid replacement in long-term anaesthesia at a rate of … of bodyweight per hour using Harthmann’s solution or 0.9% saline
10ml/kg
As a general guide, in rodents and rabbits, during anaesthesia, a fall in the respiratory rate to less than … the pre-anesthesia rate indicates impeding respiratory failture
40%
Why are tranquilizers and sedatives used in pre-medication anesthesia?
To reduce fear during induction, to redcue the dose of the anesthetic needed
Bradycardia (Bradycardia is a type of abnormal heart rhythm, or arrhythmia. It occurs when the heart beats very slowly) occurs as the anesthetic plan gets deeper
True
Tachycardia
faster heart rate
Neonatal animals usually require higher concentrations of volatile anaesthetic than adult animals
True
The concentration of carbon dioxide in the inspired and expired gas can be continuously measured from the airway using a
capnopgraph
A short pre-anaesthetic fasting period in ruminants reduces the incidence of rumenal timpany
True (bloating, gas in the rumen)
Xylazine
alpha-2 receptor agonist
The amount of gas entering the respirator tract during on respiratory cycle is called
tidal volume
Acepromazine in the pre-anaesthetic regime causes
a calming effect and muscle relaxation
Atropine and Glycopyrrolate can cause a
increase in the heart rate
The side effect of NSAIDs are mainly related to their COX-1 inhibitory activity
True
What nerve fibers detect noxious stimuli?
C and A delta fibers
Naroctics refers to
Opoids
Multimodal analgesia regimen is recommended when pain of …. severity is predicted
High
Non noxious stimuli travel along thick, myelinated … never fibers
Ab fibers
The pain that continues beyond the stage where it is useful to protects the region, or is persistent and may not have a clearly identifiable causes is called
neuropathic pain
The absense of pain in response to stimulation that would normally be painful is called
Analgesia
From the known effect of glucocoticoids and beta-endorphine, it is reasonable to assume that pain could be
Immunosuppressant
The least experience of pain an individual can recognize is called
Pain threshold
Self mutilation is a sign of …. pain
neuropathic
Ketamine
NMDA anatgonist
NSAID
Caprofen
Xylazine
a2 adrenergic agonist
The pain that immediately follows injury and disappear when the injury heals is called
Acute pain
Inflammation causes … pain
Visceral pain
The sensation of noxious stimuli is called
Nociception
Other metabolic and physiologic effects attributed to pain include:
Catabolic state, decreased reproductive function, hyperglycemia
An exaggerated response to a stimulus that would normal be painful is called
Hyperalgesia
Allodynia is defined as
pain due to a stimulus that does not normally provoke pain
The process of converting a noxious stimulus into electrical signals is called
Transduction
Drugs for treatment of neuropathic pain
Antidepressants, Ketamin, Anti-convulsants
Pain that originates from the skin, bones or muscles is called
somatic pain
In addition to analgesia, the effect of opioids include
vomiting and nausea, decrease gastrointestinal motility, respiratory depression
The greatest level of pain an individual is willing to tolerate is called
pain threshold
Paracetamol
Liver toxicity
NSAIDS produce multiple effects via
Inhibition of CoX1 and Cox2 enzymes
Sutures should be removed when the skin has healed around
10-14 days
Disinfection
the act of preventing growth of microorganisms capable of infections
Straight scissors are not normally used on tissue
True
Adequate blood supply may prevent wound dehiscence
True
Which needle would you use for suturing skin
Cutting edge needle
Chemicals applied to skin to destroy bacteria and prevent infections
Antiseptics
Best practice for sterilization method between animals (eg during batch surgery)
autoclaving
Iris scissors are
sharp-sharp
