PIL C

Question 1

The test that measures the level of oxygen saturation of haemoglobin in the blood is called:

Answer 1

Pulse Oximetry

Question 2

Anaesthetic agents for local anaesthesia

Answer 2

Lidocaine and Bupivacaine

Question 3

Impaired respiratory function during anaesthesia can cause

Answer 3

Hypoxia, Hypercapnia and Cardia Aarythmias

Question 4

When using short-acting anaesthetic agents in a long-term anesthesia refine you expect

Answer 4

an extended recovery period

Question 5

Metetomidine and Xylazine work through the same mechanism of aztion

Answer 5

alpha-2 adrenergic receptors

Question 6

What is the mechanism of action of phenothiazines and Chlorpomazine

Answer 6

Dopaminergic receptor antagonist

Question 7

It is advisable to reduce as much as possible the last of Stage II of anesthesia

Answer 7

True

Question 8

An opoid analgesic and a tranquilizer

Answer 8

is a Neurplepticanalgesia

Question 9

As a routine fluid replacement in long-term anaesthesia at a rate of … of bodyweight per hour using Harthmann’s solution or 0.9% saline

Answer 9

10ml/kg

Question 10

As a general guide, in rodents and rabbits, during anaesthesia, a fall in the respiratory rate to less than … the pre-anesthesia rate indicates impeding respiratory failture

Answer 10

40%

Question 11

Why are tranquilizers and sedatives used in pre-medication anesthesia?

Answer 11

To reduce fear during induction, to redcue the dose of the anesthetic needed

Question 12

Bradycardia (Bradycardia is a type of abnormal heart rhythm, or arrhythmia. It occurs when the heart beats very slowly) occurs as the anesthetic plan gets deeper

Answer 12

True

Question 13

Tachycardia

Answer 13

faster heart rate

Question 14

Neonatal animals usually require higher concentrations of volatile anaesthetic than adult animals

Answer 14

True

Question 15

The concentration of carbon dioxide in the inspired and expired gas can be continuously measured from the airway using a

Answer 15

capnopgraph

Question 16

A short pre-anaesthetic fasting period in ruminants reduces the incidence of rumenal timpany

Answer 16

True (bloating, gas in the rumen)

Question 17

Xylazine

Answer 17

alpha-2 receptor agonist

Question 18

The amount of gas entering the respirator tract during on respiratory cycle is called

Answer 18

tidal volume

Question 19

Acepromazine in the pre-anaesthetic regime causes

Answer 19

a calming effect and muscle relaxation

Question 20

Atropine and Glycopyrrolate can cause a

Answer 20

increase in the heart rate

Question 21

The side effect of NSAIDs are mainly related to their COX-1 inhibitory activity

Answer 21

True

Question 22

What nerve fibers detect noxious stimuli?

Answer 22

C and A delta fibers

Question 23

Naroctics refers to

Answer 23

Opoids

Question 24

Multimodal analgesia regimen is recommended when pain of …. severity is predicted

Answer 24

High

Question 25

Non noxious stimuli travel along thick, myelinated ... never fibers

Answer 25

Ab fibers

Question 26

The pain that continues beyond the stage where it is useful to protects the region, or is persistent and may not have a clearly identifiable causes is called

Answer 26

neuropathic pain

Question 27

The absense of pain in response to stimulation that would normally be painful is called

Answer 27

Analgesia

Question 28

From the known effect of glucocoticoids and beta-endorphine, it is reasonable to assume that pain could be

Answer 28

Immunosuppressant

Question 29

The least experience of pain an individual can recognize is called

Answer 29

Pain threshold

Question 30

Self mutilation is a sign of .... pain

Answer 30

neuropathic

Question 31

Ketamine

Answer 31

NMDA anatgonist

Question 32

NSAID

Answer 32

Caprofen

Question 33

Xylazine

Answer 33

a2 adrenergic agonist

Question 34

The pain that immediately follows injury and disappear when the injury heals is called

Answer 34

Acute pain

Question 35

Inflammation causes ... pain

Answer 35

Visceral pain

Question 36

The sensation of noxious stimuli is called

Answer 36

Nociception

Question 37

Other metabolic and physiologic effects attributed to pain include:

Answer 37

Catabolic state, decreased reproductive function, hyperglycemia

Question 38

An exaggerated response to a stimulus that would normal be painful is called

Answer 38

Hyperalgesia

Question 39

Allodynia is defined as

Answer 39

pain due to a stimulus that does not normally provoke pain

Question 40

The process of converting a noxious stimulus into electrical signals is called

Answer 40

Transduction

Question 41

Drugs for treatment of neuropathic pain

Answer 41

Antidepressants, Ketamin, Anti-convulsants

Question 42

Pain that originates from the skin, bones or muscles is called

Answer 42

somatic pain

Question 43

In addition to analgesia, the effect of opioids include

Answer 43

vomiting and nausea, decrease gastrointestinal motility, respiratory depression

Question 44

The greatest level of pain an individual is willing to tolerate is called

Answer 44

pain threshold

Question 45

Paracetamol

Answer 45

Liver toxicity

Question 46

NSAIDS produce multiple effects via

Answer 46

Inhibition of CoX1 and Cox2 enzymes

Question 47

Sutures should be removed when the skin has healed around

Answer 47

10-14 days

Question 48

Disinfection

Answer 48

the act of preventing growth of microorganisms capable of infections

Question 49

Straight scissors are not normally used on tissue

Answer 49

True

Question 50

Adequate blood supply may prevent wound dehiscence

Answer 50

True

Question 51

Which needle would you use for suturing skin

Answer 51

Cutting edge needle

Question 52

Chemicals applied to skin to destroy bacteria and prevent infections

Answer 52

Antiseptics

Question 53

Best practice for sterilization method between animals (eg during batch surgery)

Answer 53

autoclaving

Question 54

Iris scissors are

Answer 54

sharp-sharp