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pihf Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three major nutrients besides water?

A

Carbohydrates
Proteins
Fats (Lipids)

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2
Q

What does your body use carbohydrates for?

A

As your main fuel source

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3
Q

What does your body use proteins for?

A

As a building block, to help repair and make new cells

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4
Q

What does your body use Fats for?

A

To store energy and repair cells, quick energy, body fat

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5
Q

Monomer of Proteins

A

Amino Acids

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6
Q

Monomer of Carbohydrates

A

Monosacharides

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7
Q

Monomer of Fats

A

Fatty Acids

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8
Q

What is an enzyme?

A

A protein that breaks down food into nutrients, acting as a catalyst in living organisms

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9
Q

What are enzymes made of?

A

Amino acids

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10
Q

What does an enzyme do?

A

Lock on to substrates and breaks them down into products

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11
Q

What are substrates

A

Food Particles

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12
Q

What are products

A

Nutrients

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13
Q

How are enzymes helpful to digestion?

A

It changes the shape of substrates which lowers the activation needed

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14
Q

What is the role of saliva?

A

To help with swallowing to break down food

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15
Q

What does saliva contain?

A

An enzyme called amylase

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16
Q

What nutrient does amylase break down?

A

starches(carbohydrates)

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17
Q

What nutrient does amylase produce?

A

simple sugars(monosaccharides)

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18
Q

What is the role of stomach acid in digestion?

A

To break down proteins

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19
Q

What nutrient does pepsin break down?

A

Proteins

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20
Q

What smaller units does pepsin produce?

A

Amino Acids

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21
Q

What is food leaving the stomach called?

A

chyme

22
Q

What is the purpose of bile?

A

To break down fats(lipids)

23
Q

Where does bile come from?

A

The liver

24
Q

What are the three different enzymes used in the duodenum to break down nutrients?

A

Lipase
Amulase
Trypsin

25
Q

What does lipase break down?

A

Lipids

26
Q

What does lipase produce?

A

Fatty Acids

27
Q

What does amylase break down?

A

Carbohydrates

28
Q

What does amylase produce?

A

simple sugars(monsacharides)

29
Q

What does trypsin break down?

A

Proteins

30
Q

What does trypsin produce?

A

Amino Acids

31
Q

Why are carbohydrates so easy to break down?

A

They are small, they are close to glucose, they are water-soluble

32
Q

Why are proteins so hard to break down?

A

They are complicated and designed to not come apart easily

33
Q

What does iodine test for the presence of?

A

Starch

34
Q

What will a positive iodine test look like?

A

Violet/Dark Purple/Dark Blue/ Black

35
Q

What is solution X? What evidence do you have?

A

Starch, due to the purple color indicating a positive result of the iodine

36
Q

What is the purpose of test tube 1A?

A

It works as a negative control

37
Q

What is the enzyme in 1B and 1C?

A

amylase

38
Q

What is the substrate in 1B and 1C?

A

starch

39
Q

What is the product in 1B and 1C

A

simple sugars(monosacharides)

40
Q

What is the purpose of bile?

A

To break down fats

41
Q

What does bile do?

A

Helps lipids and water mix

42
Q

What does bile produce?

A

Fatty Acids

43
Q

What happened in 2B and what evidence do you have?

A

Oil mixed with the water due to the shift in color and positive result of the litmus paper

44
Q

What is the purpose of litmus paper?

A

To indicate wether or not a liquid is acidic

45
Q

What do the colors on the litmus paper mean?

A

Red means acidic
Blue means neutral or basic/alkaline

46
Q

What happened in 2C and what evidence do you have?

A

The pancreatic acid further broke down the oil(lipid) due to the color and result of the litmus paper

47
Q

What is the active enzyme of 2C?

A

Lipase

48
Q

What is the product of 2C?

A

Fatty Acids

49
Q

What is solution Y and how do you know?

A

A lipid, likely oil, due to the positive result of the litmus paper

50
Q

What does Benedict’s Solution test for?

A

Simple Sugars

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