Pigmented Lesions Flashcards
what are the benign melanocytic lesions?
ephilides
lentigines
naevi
what are melanocytic naevi due to?
melanocytes which have failed to mature or migrate in-utero
what are the 3 types of acquired melanocytic naevi?
- junctional
- compound
- intradermal
what does a junctional naevus look like?
brown macule
what happens in junctional naevus?
nests of melanocytes at the derma-epidermal junction
what does a compound naevus look like?
brown papule, usually lighter shade of brown than junctional naevi
what happens in a compound naevus?
nests of melanocytes at the DEJ but also some within the dermis
what does an intradermal naves look like?
skin-coloured or light brown papule, usually lighter shade of brown than compound naevi
what happens in an intadermal naevus?
nests of melanocytes predominantly in the dermis with little/no DEJ nests
when will congenital melanocytic naevi appear?
present at birth
what are congenital melanocytic naevi?
benign proliferations of melanocytes in the epidermis and/or dermis
how are congenital melanocytic naevi categorised?
by size:
- small
- medium
- large
how are congenital melanocytic naevi different from acquired histologically & clinically?
larger & slightly raised
become more rugose & elevated as child grows
what is the ABCDE rule of diagnosing melanoma?
- Asymmetry
- Border
- Colour
- Diameter
- Elevation, Evolution
where is superficial spreading melanoma usually found?
trunk of men or legs of women
what does superficial spreading melanoma look like & how does it develop?
usually macule with irregular border & colour which may have been increasing in size before developing a nodule
in which age group are nodular melanomas usually found?
older patients
what do nodular melanomas look like & who does it develop?
blue-black or red-skin-colourednodule which may be ulcerated or bleeding & has usually developed rapidly over preceding months
in which age group are acral lentiginous melanomas usually found?
elderly patients
also increased in asian & african people
where are cral lentiginous melanoma found?
palms, soles or nails & hutchinson sign
what is hutchinson sign?
pigmented extension into the nail fold
what are amelanotic melanomas?
melanomas with absent or minimal visible pigment
who are seborrheic keratoses common in?
older caucasians
what do seborrheic keratoses look like?
brown/black greasy lesions, stuck on appearance, often warty but may be flat with regular border
where are seborrheic keratoses usually found?
on trunk
what is the treatment of a seborrheic keratoses?
may detach spontaneously, reassurance, freeze, curette or shave
what does a dermatofibroma look like?
deep (dermal), brown/grey,firm nodule
what is the treatment of a dermatofirboma?
reassurance or excise
