Pigmented Lesions Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the benign melanocytic lesions?

A

ephilides
lentigines
naevi

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2
Q

what are melanocytic naevi due to?

A

melanocytes which have failed to mature or migrate in-utero

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3
Q

what are the 3 types of acquired melanocytic naevi?

A
  • junctional
  • compound
  • intradermal
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4
Q

what does a junctional naevus look like?

A

brown macule

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5
Q

what happens in junctional naevus?

A

nests of melanocytes at the derma-epidermal junction

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6
Q

what does a compound naevus look like?

A

brown papule, usually lighter shade of brown than junctional naevi

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7
Q

what happens in a compound naevus?

A

nests of melanocytes at the DEJ but also some within the dermis

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8
Q

what does an intradermal naves look like?

A

skin-coloured or light brown papule, usually lighter shade of brown than compound naevi

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9
Q

what happens in an intadermal naevus?

A

nests of melanocytes predominantly in the dermis with little/no DEJ nests

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10
Q

when will congenital melanocytic naevi appear?

A

present at birth

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11
Q

what are congenital melanocytic naevi?

A

benign proliferations of melanocytes in the epidermis and/or dermis

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12
Q

how are congenital melanocytic naevi categorised?

A

by size:

  • small
  • medium
  • large
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13
Q

how are congenital melanocytic naevi different from acquired histologically & clinically?

A

larger & slightly raised

become more rugose & elevated as child grows

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14
Q

what is the ABCDE rule of diagnosing melanoma?

A
  • Asymmetry
  • Border
  • Colour
  • Diameter
  • Elevation, Evolution
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15
Q

where is superficial spreading melanoma usually found?

A

trunk of men or legs of women

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16
Q

what does superficial spreading melanoma look like & how does it develop?

A

usually macule with irregular border & colour which may have been increasing in size before developing a nodule

17
Q

in which age group are nodular melanomas usually found?

A

older patients

18
Q

what do nodular melanomas look like & who does it develop?

A

blue-black or red-skin-colourednodule which may be ulcerated or bleeding & has usually developed rapidly over preceding months

19
Q

in which age group are acral lentiginous melanomas usually found?

A

elderly patients

also increased in asian & african people

20
Q

where are cral lentiginous melanoma found?

A

palms, soles or nails & hutchinson sign

21
Q

what is hutchinson sign?

A

pigmented extension into the nail fold

22
Q

what are amelanotic melanomas?

A

melanomas with absent or minimal visible pigment

23
Q

who are seborrheic keratoses common in?

A

older caucasians

24
Q

what do seborrheic keratoses look like?

A

brown/black greasy lesions, stuck on appearance, often warty but may be flat with regular border

25
Q

where are seborrheic keratoses usually found?

A

on trunk

26
Q

what is the treatment of a seborrheic keratoses?

A

may detach spontaneously, reassurance, freeze, curette or shave

27
Q

what does a dermatofibroma look like?

A

deep (dermal), brown/grey,firm nodule

28
Q

what is the treatment of a dermatofirboma?

A

reassurance or excise