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AP Biology > Pig Dissection > Flashcards

Pig Dissection Flashcards

1
Q

ears

A
  • help gather and concentrate sound waves
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2
Q

pinna

A

external flap of ear which gathers and concentrates sound waves

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3
Q

external acoustic meatus

A

short passage that transfers sound to the eardrum

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4
Q

eyes

A

protected by: eyelids, nictitating membrane used by organism for vision

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5
Q

upper and lower eyelids

A

protect the eyeball

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6
Q

nictitating membrane

A
  • protects eyes
  • covers anterior portion of eyeball
  • in some animals, can move across the eyeball to keep the eye clean
  • in humans, is a vestigial structure in the median corner of the eye
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7
Q

mouth

A

fleshy lips and muscular cheeks used for eating and digesting food, part of oral cavity

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8
Q

fleshy lips

A

Holds food in place and lets it enter the mouth

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9
Q

cheeks

A

enable young to suckle/feed

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10
Q

nostrils (nares)

A

on the end of the snout enable entry and exit of gasses

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11
Q

umbilical cord

A

tube where blood vessels carried nutrients, oxygen and waste materials from embryo to the placenta and vice versa

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12
Q

nipples

A

deliver breast milk to young

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13
Q

tensor fascia lata

A

large muscle at the anterior surface of thigh, assist in movement of the hip

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14
Q

gluteus medius

A

a thick muscle which lies just posterior to the preceding muscle

  • action is to abduct the thigh
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15
Q

gluteus maximus

A
  • posterior to the gluteus medius

- function: to abduct the thigh

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16
Q

biceps femoris

A
  • a very large, triangular muscle comprising most of the posterior half of the lateral surface of thigh
  • action: abduct the thigh and flex the shank
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17
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

large calf muscle, to extend the foot

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18
Q

tibialis anterior

A
  • most ventral of the shank muscles

- action: to flex the foot

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19
Q

extensor digitorum longus

A
  • action: to extend the digits
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20
Q

tongue

A

on ventral surface of oral cavity, starts process of swallowing and has taste buds for tasting

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21
Q

hard palate

A
  • forms dorsal surface of oral cavity

- separates oral cavity from nasal cavities

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22
Q

soft palate

A
  • posterior to the hard palate
  • contains no bone
  • aid speech swallowing and talking
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23
Q

pharynx

A

serves as the entry point for the respiratory and digestive system

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24
Q

epiglottis

A
  • flap at the base of the tongue
  • partially covers glottis
  • helps prevent food from entering the trachea by covering glottis during swallowing
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25
Q

glottis

A
  • opening
  • entrance to the trachea
  • control airflow
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26
Q

trachea

A

the passageway leading to the lungs

- carry oxygen-rich air to the lungs

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27
Q

esophagus

A
  • posterior and dorsal to the glottis
  • soft, muscular digestive tract
  • connects the oral cavity with the stomach
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28
Q

thymus glands

A
  • come in pair lying among muscles of throat
  • not part of digestive system
  • produce antibodies in young pig against disease
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29
Q

larynx

A

used for breathing and producing sounds

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30
Q

liver

A

produces bile, which is necessary for the digestion of fats

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31
Q

diaphragm

A

muscular partition that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities, contracts to help lungs intake oxygen

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32
Q

stomach

A

organ where food is stored and where digestion is initiated

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33
Q

mucosa

A

secretes mucus that lubricates and protects the cells from digestive enzymes

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34
Q

rugae

A
  • folds that cover mucosa

- allow stomach to expand after meal

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35
Q

submucosa

A

coordinate contractions of muscularis

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36
Q

muscularis

A

enables peristalsis which helps stomach mechanically break down food

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37
Q

gastric pits

A

secrete hydrochoric acid and pepsinogen

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38
Q

pylorus

A

opens and closes during digestion to allow foods to pass from stomach and small intestine

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39
Q

mesentery

A

fold of tissue that that attaches abdominal organs to the body wall and stores fat and supplies blood to the intestines

40
Q

spleen

A

produces, stores, and eliminates red blood cells, and helps fight infections

41
Q

duodenum

A

where chyme is further digested by secretions from pancreas and gallbladder

42
Q

bile duct

A

allows bile to be secreted which helps digest fat

43
Q

gall bladder

A

small green sac embedded in the liver which stores bile.

44
Q

pancreas

A

produces insulin and glucagon

45
Q

villi

A

increase surface area for food absorption, in small intestine

46
Q

intestinal glands

A

secrete enzymes peptidase and carbohydrase

47
Q

cecum

A

entry of the large intestine that absorbs electrolytes and fluid from the small intestinal content flowing into fecal matter

48
Q

large intestine

A

The last section of the digestive system, where water is absorbed from food and the remaining material is eliminated from the body

49
Q

nasal septum

A

bony partition that divides the nasal cavity into left and right

50
Q

mucus membrane of nasal passage

A

helps keep nasal passage moist

51
Q

nose

A

primary organ of respiratory system that is used for inhaling and exhaling and smelling

52
Q

vocal cords

A

vibrate to produce sounds

53
Q

thyroid

A

endocrine gland that produces thyroxin and triiodothyronine

54
Q

lungs

A

bring in oxygen from the atmosphere and passes it into the bloodstream. From there, it circulates to the rest of the body.

55
Q

bronchi

A

carry air to and from your lungs

56
Q

alveoli

A

move oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules into and out of your bloodstream

57
Q

heart

A

moves blood throughout the body

58
Q

pericardium

A

tough, protective membrane that surrounds the heart and holds it in place

59
Q

coronary arteries

A

supplies the heart itself with oxygenated blood so it can function

60
Q

carotid arteries

A

supply head and neck and right forelimb with blood

61
Q

left subclavian artery

A

supplies left forelimb with blood

62
Q

pulmonary trunk

A

carries deoxygentaed blood from right ventricle to pulmonary arteries

63
Q

pulmonary arteries

A

carry deoxygenated blood into the lungs, where it releases carbon dioxide and picks up oxygen

64
Q

aorta

A

carries newly oxygenated blood to the body

65
Q

ductus arteriosus

A

serves to shunt blood away from the pulmonary circulation

66
Q

coeliac artery

A

short vessel that supplies the stomach, duodenum, liver, and spleen with oxygen-rich blood

67
Q

mesenteric artery

A

provides oxygenated blood and nutrients to the intestines

68
Q

paired renal arteries

A

one supply each kidney with blood from the arota.

69
Q

paired iliac arteries

A

supply oxygenated blood to each of the legs and pelvic area

70
Q

paired umbilical arteries

A

carry deoxygenated blood from the fetus to the mother

71
Q

atrioventricular valves

A

help blood flow to ventricles and prevents it from flowing back into the atria

72
Q

semilunar valves

A

prevent blood from flowing back into the ventricles

73
Q

scrotal sac

A

holds the testes and keeps them cooler than body temperature

74
Q

small intestine

A

Digestive organ where most chemical digestion and absorption of food takes place

75
Q

umbilical vein

A

carries oxygenated, nutrient-rich blood from the placenta to the fetus

76
Q

inferior vena cava

A

is a large vein that carries blood from the torso and lower body to the right side of the heart

77
Q

kidney

A

organ that removes urea, excess water, and other waste products from the blood and passes them to the ureter

78
Q

urinary bladder

A

stores urine

79
Q

urethrea

A

connects the urinary bladder to the urinary meatus for the removal of urine from the body

80
Q

uterus

A

Female organ of reproduction used to house the developing fetus

81
Q

prostate

A

the gland in males that controls the release of urine and secretes a part of semen that enhances motility and fertility of sperm

82
Q

parathyroid glands

A

produce parathyroid hormone

83
Q

adrenal glands

A

glands that help the body recover from stress and respond to emergencies

84
Q

nasopharynx

A

allows air to flow from the nose through the rest of the pharynx, larynx and trachea and then into the lungs

85
Q

spiral colon

A

reabsorb fluids and process waste products from the body and prepare for its elimination

86
Q

parietal pleura

A

secretes the lubricant lining of the pleural cavity

87
Q

renal vein

A

carry deoxygenated blood from kidney to posterior vena cava

88
Q

ureter

A

Carries urine from kidney to urinary bladder

89
Q

pulmonary vein

A

veins that transfer oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart

90
Q

superior vena cava

A

vein that receives blood from the head and arms and chest

91
Q

rectum

A

temporary storage site for fecal matter before it is eliminated from the body

92
Q

anus

A

disposal of waste products out of the body

93
Q

right ventricle

A

pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs

94
Q

left ventricle

A

Pumps oxygenated blood into the aorta

95
Q

right atrium

A

Receives deoxygenated blood from the body and pumps the blood to the right ventricle

96
Q

left atrium

A

recieves oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps to left ventricle

97
Q

incisors/canines

A

first teeth to usually come through gums, grip/tear/chew

AP Biology (2 decks)

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