Pig Dissection Flashcards
ears
- help gather and concentrate sound waves
pinna
external flap of ear which gathers and concentrates sound waves
external acoustic meatus
short passage that transfers sound to the eardrum
eyes
protected by: eyelids, nictitating membrane used by organism for vision
upper and lower eyelids
protect the eyeball
nictitating membrane
- protects eyes
- covers anterior portion of eyeball
- in some animals, can move across the eyeball to keep the eye clean
- in humans, is a vestigial structure in the median corner of the eye
mouth
fleshy lips and muscular cheeks used for eating and digesting food, part of oral cavity
fleshy lips
Holds food in place and lets it enter the mouth
cheeks
enable young to suckle/feed
nostrils (nares)
on the end of the snout enable entry and exit of gasses
umbilical cord
tube where blood vessels carried nutrients, oxygen and waste materials from embryo to the placenta and vice versa
nipples
deliver breast milk to young
tensor fascia lata
large muscle at the anterior surface of thigh, assist in movement of the hip
gluteus medius
a thick muscle which lies just posterior to the preceding muscle
- action is to abduct the thigh
gluteus maximus
- posterior to the gluteus medius
- function: to abduct the thigh
biceps femoris
- a very large, triangular muscle comprising most of the posterior half of the lateral surface of thigh
- action: abduct the thigh and flex the shank
Gastrocnemius
large calf muscle, to extend the foot
tibialis anterior
- most ventral of the shank muscles
- action: to flex the foot
extensor digitorum longus
- action: to extend the digits
tongue
on ventral surface of oral cavity, starts process of swallowing and has taste buds for tasting
hard palate
- forms dorsal surface of oral cavity
- separates oral cavity from nasal cavities
soft palate
- posterior to the hard palate
- contains no bone
- aid speech swallowing and talking
pharynx
serves as the entry point for the respiratory and digestive system
epiglottis
- flap at the base of the tongue
- partially covers glottis
- helps prevent food from entering the trachea by covering glottis during swallowing
glottis
- opening
- entrance to the trachea
- control airflow
trachea
the passageway leading to the lungs
- carry oxygen-rich air to the lungs
esophagus
- posterior and dorsal to the glottis
- soft, muscular digestive tract
- connects the oral cavity with the stomach
thymus glands
- come in pair lying among muscles of throat
- not part of digestive system
- produce antibodies in young pig against disease
larynx
used for breathing and producing sounds
liver
produces bile, which is necessary for the digestion of fats
diaphragm
muscular partition that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities, contracts to help lungs intake oxygen
stomach
organ where food is stored and where digestion is initiated
mucosa
secretes mucus that lubricates and protects the cells from digestive enzymes
rugae
- folds that cover mucosa
- allow stomach to expand after meal
submucosa
coordinate contractions of muscularis
muscularis
enables peristalsis which helps stomach mechanically break down food
gastric pits
secrete hydrochoric acid and pepsinogen
pylorus
opens and closes during digestion to allow foods to pass from stomach and small intestine
mesentery
fold of tissue that that attaches abdominal organs to the body wall and stores fat and supplies blood to the intestines
spleen
produces, stores, and eliminates red blood cells, and helps fight infections
duodenum
where chyme is further digested by secretions from pancreas and gallbladder
bile duct
allows bile to be secreted which helps digest fat
gall bladder
small green sac embedded in the liver which stores bile.
pancreas
produces insulin and glucagon
villi
increase surface area for food absorption, in small intestine
intestinal glands
secrete enzymes peptidase and carbohydrase
cecum
entry of the large intestine that absorbs electrolytes and fluid from the small intestinal content flowing into fecal matter
large intestine
The last section of the digestive system, where water is absorbed from food and the remaining material is eliminated from the body
nasal septum
bony partition that divides the nasal cavity into left and right
mucus membrane of nasal passage
helps keep nasal passage moist
nose
primary organ of respiratory system that is used for inhaling and exhaling and smelling
vocal cords
vibrate to produce sounds
thyroid
endocrine gland that produces thyroxin and triiodothyronine
lungs
bring in oxygen from the atmosphere and passes it into the bloodstream. From there, it circulates to the rest of the body.
bronchi
carry air to and from your lungs
alveoli
move oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules into and out of your bloodstream
heart
moves blood throughout the body
pericardium
tough, protective membrane that surrounds the heart and holds it in place
coronary arteries
supplies the heart itself with oxygenated blood so it can function
carotid arteries
supply head and neck and right forelimb with blood
left subclavian artery
supplies left forelimb with blood
pulmonary trunk
carries deoxygentaed blood from right ventricle to pulmonary arteries
pulmonary arteries
carry deoxygenated blood into the lungs, where it releases carbon dioxide and picks up oxygen
aorta
carries newly oxygenated blood to the body
ductus arteriosus
serves to shunt blood away from the pulmonary circulation
coeliac artery
short vessel that supplies the stomach, duodenum, liver, and spleen with oxygen-rich blood
mesenteric artery
provides oxygenated blood and nutrients to the intestines
paired renal arteries
one supply each kidney with blood from the arota.
paired iliac arteries
supply oxygenated blood to each of the legs and pelvic area
paired umbilical arteries
carry deoxygenated blood from the fetus to the mother
atrioventricular valves
help blood flow to ventricles and prevents it from flowing back into the atria
semilunar valves
prevent blood from flowing back into the ventricles
scrotal sac
holds the testes and keeps them cooler than body temperature
small intestine
Digestive organ where most chemical digestion and absorption of food takes place
umbilical vein
carries oxygenated, nutrient-rich blood from the placenta to the fetus
inferior vena cava
is a large vein that carries blood from the torso and lower body to the right side of the heart
kidney
organ that removes urea, excess water, and other waste products from the blood and passes them to the ureter
urinary bladder
stores urine
urethrea
connects the urinary bladder to the urinary meatus for the removal of urine from the body
uterus
Female organ of reproduction used to house the developing fetus
prostate
the gland in males that controls the release of urine and secretes a part of semen that enhances motility and fertility of sperm
parathyroid glands
produce parathyroid hormone
adrenal glands
glands that help the body recover from stress and respond to emergencies
nasopharynx
allows air to flow from the nose through the rest of the pharynx, larynx and trachea and then into the lungs
spiral colon
reabsorb fluids and process waste products from the body and prepare for its elimination
parietal pleura
secretes the lubricant lining of the pleural cavity
renal vein
carry deoxygenated blood from kidney to posterior vena cava
ureter
Carries urine from kidney to urinary bladder
pulmonary vein
veins that transfer oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart
superior vena cava
vein that receives blood from the head and arms and chest
rectum
temporary storage site for fecal matter before it is eliminated from the body
anus
disposal of waste products out of the body
right ventricle
pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs
left ventricle
Pumps oxygenated blood into the aorta
right atrium
Receives deoxygenated blood from the body and pumps the blood to the right ventricle
left atrium
recieves oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps to left ventricle
incisors/canines
first teeth to usually come through gums, grip/tear/chew
