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Tox Neurotoxin Antidotes > Pig Diseases > Flashcards

Pig Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

HIGH morbidity, LOW mortality – concurrent illness exacerbates disease ▪ Uncomplicated infection: short course, low mortality
o Lethargy, resp illness, high fever, prostration, coughing, anorexia, conjunctivitis, oculonasal discharge o IMPORTANT: dz in pigs/waterfowl can mutate – be major zoonotic problem

A

Swine Influenza

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2
Q

ALL age groups – nearly 100% mortality in piglets <1wk old
No other dz spreads so rapidly or causes such high mortality – seldom die if >1month
Watery diarrhea, vomiting, wet/dirty appearance to litter from profuse diarrhea
Tx: symptomatic
Prevention: feed feces and intestinal contents from infected piglets to sows who are >14 days from farrowing

A

Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea and Transmissible Gastroenteritis (TGE) – coronavirus

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3
Q

Piglets <4 weeks old o Vomiting and wasting disease (VWD) and encephalitic forms

A

Hemagglutinating Encephalomyelitis Virus (HEV)

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4
Q

STILLBORN PIGS – most common cause o 3 overlapping syndromes – affects ALL ages
▪ Repro impairment/failure – abortions, mummies, stillbirths, early embryonic death ▪ Resp Disease – wean pigs get cough (thumps), purple ear tips from vasculitis
● Nursery pigs – interstitial pneumonia ▪ High pre-weaning mortality – diarrhea, recurrent fevers
Tx: NONE – may have to depopulate or close herd and follow titers
Prevention: vaccine

A

PRRS – Porcine Respiratory and Reproductive Syndrome – arterivirus

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5
Q

5 days old – often in association w/ E. coli

A

Rotavirus

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6
Q

Aka blue eye paramyxovirus

A

Blueye – tublavirus

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7
Q

REPORTABLE – US is currently free of this
Closely related to pestivirus – BVD, border disease virus o Virus affects stem cells in bone marrow neutropenia, thrombocytopenia – become immune suppressed and
susceptible to enteric bacterial infections
Oral ulceration, vomit, diarrhea, oral petechiation, paresis/paralysis, fever, shivering, conjunctivitis
Can cross placenta – repro failure – severe systemic infection and abortion

A

Hog Cholera – togavirus (Classical Swine Fever)

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8
Q

Fever, inappetence, hemorrhage of ear skin, acute death
DDx: classical swine fever, erysipelas
45
carried by warthogs, transmitted by soft ticks
Necropsy: petechial hemorrhages on internal organs

A

African Swine Fever

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9
Q

Swine and sea lions/seals/marine mammals o Sea lions off coast of CA – not present in US pigs o REPORTABLE

A

Vesicular Exanthema – calicivirus (aka San Miguel Sea Lion Disease in sea lions)

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10
Q

PIG – primary host
▪ Erradicated from pigs in US, can devastate non-immune herd ▪ Resp, repro, CNS (not GI) – clinical signs depend on age group
● Young neonates <3wks: NEURO, CNS signs, tremors, incoordination, blindness, opisthotonos,
hypersalivation, ataxia, nystagmus, paddling, DEATH 100% mortality
o DDx for tremors: organophosphates, circovirus, hog cholera, NOT PRRS o Some are born mummified
● Wean pigs: NEURO and RESP – similar signs as young neonates + resp signs, lower mortality ● Grower/Finisher pigs: RESP – cough, sneezing, nasal discharge ● Older pigs at breeding age: resp signs, REPRO FAILURE (abortion, resorption, mummification)
o Ruminants
▪ 1st sign = paresthesia (MAD ITCH) at inoculation site, ataxia, proprioceptive deficits, circling, nystagmus,
strabismus – sometimes see aggression, depression death in 2 days
● Often have pigs housed nearby – pigs are 1˚ host!
● NO TREATMENT – animals die, prevention = remove the pigs
● DDx for clinical signs: rabies (Negri bodies), Polioencephalomalacia, salt poisoning, lead
poisoning, hypomagnesemia, meningitis
o Horses
▪ VERY RARE – depression, inability to swallow
o NO TREATMENT – older pigs recover on their own prevent w/ vaccination

A

Pseudorabies – herpesvirus (Aujesky’s Disease)

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11
Q

Peudorabies

A

Herpesvirus

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12
Q

TGE

A

Coronavirus

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13
Q

PRRS

A

Arteivirus

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14
Q

BRED SOW RETURNS TO HEAT – embryo resorption, unapparent infection in sow
▪ Mummified fetus, weak piglets, small litters, stillbirths ▪ Abortions – RARE – endometrium is not affected so no PGF2a released
o VACCINATE o DDx for fetal loss: parvo, toxoplasma, brucella, pseudorabies, PRRS, eperythrozoonosis, erysipelas, lepto

A

Parvovirus

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15
Q

G-, curved bacteria in enterocytes – proliferative enteropathies
▪ Aka Porcine Proliferative Enteritis – FINISHING PIGS (40-80lb)
o Soft buttery (yellow) stool, sometimes acute hemorrhagic diarrhea, gradual wasting, lethargy o Common – weaned and older pigs – persistent diarrhea, weight loss (similar to Johne’s in cows) o Necropsy: thickened inflamed ileum – proliferative ileitis w/ edematous mesentery

A

Lawsonia intracellularis

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16
Q

Porcine Proliferative Enteritis

A

Lawsonia intracellularis

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17
Q

Mucohemorrhagic diarrhea – large bowel diarrhea, fibrinonecrotic typhlitis and colitis
▪ Small intestine unaffected
o Bloody diarrhea and death – grower/finisher pigs

A

Serpulina/Brachyspira hyodysenteriae – SWINE DYSENTERY

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18
Q

SWINE DYSENTERY

A

Serpulina/Brachyspira hyodysenteriae

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19
Q

RECTAL STRICTURES w/ chronic infection, “button” ulcers in large intestine
WEANERS and GROWERS – uncommon in piglets (passive immunity from colostrum)

A

Salmonella

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20
Q

3 Forms – GROWER and FINISHERS pigs
▪ Peracute – pigs found suddenly dead ▪ Acute – pigs are lethargic, painful in joints, anorexia, develop diamond skin lesions ▪ Chronic – arthritis progresses to vertebral joints and limbs joints may fuse – painful swollen joints
o Lesions: red/purple skin lesions in diamond shapes

A

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae – DIAMOND SKIN DISEASE

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21
Q

Enterotoxigenic E. Coli

A

Enteric colibacillosis- nursing
EDEMA DISEASE- weaned

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22
Q

Lesions: edema, pericardial/pleural effusion (Shiga toxin 2e) – destroys endothelial cells in vessels blood clots,
hemorrhage, ischemia necrosis, edema of vital organs (including brain)

A

Enterotoxigenic E. Coli – Enteric colibacillosis, EDEMA DISEASE

23
Q

Most common cause of diarrhea in NURSING piglets (<5 days old) – piglets huddled and shivering ▪ See w/ rotavirus – watery diarrhea, dehydration, acidosis, death ▪ Prevention: vaccinate, NEVER MIX PIGS OF DIFFERENT AGES TOGETHER
F18 - shigatoxin

A

Enteric colibacillosis

24
Q

FATAL dz of rapidly growing WEANED pigs – pigs on high protein, high energy diet ▪ Fever, anorexia, SQ emphysema, dyspnea, open mouth breathing, convulsions, diarrhea, swollen eyelids
(eyelid edema, forehead, lips), circling, acute death
F 18 Shiga toxin

A

Edema Disease

25
Q

ABORTION – any stage of gestation – placentas and aborted fetuses have NO GROSS LESIONS
Transmission: venereal, aborted fetuses
ZOONOTIC – highly pathogenic in humans!!

A

Brucellosis

26
Q

Mycobacterium avium

A

swine tuberculosis

27
Q

NURSING and WEANED pigs – polyarthritis, bronchopneumonia, sepsis, meningitis (NOT colitis)
Varying morbidity/mortality – improved w/ tx

A

Streptococcus suis

28
Q

Clostridium perfringens type C

A

hemorrhagic/necrotic enteritis- 1-5 days old

29
Q

1-5 days old
Vaccinate sows
Diagnosis: lesions, bacterial isolation, typing
Acute outbreaks: type c antitoxin to piglets, can give antibiotics

A

Clostridium perfringens type C – hemorrhagic/necrotic enteritis

30
Q

VERY UNCOMMON IN PIGS – no effective drugs

A

Cryptosporidium parvum

31
Q

5-21 days old -diarrhea

A

Rotavirus

32
Q

Diarrhea in unweaned pigs, double circle in egg shed in feces

A

Isospora suis

33
Q

Can effect all ages but usually in older pigs, found in feces

A

Trichuris suis

34
Q

Housing stress, type of feed, concurrent disease
Common in GROWING SWINE – pale MM, dark feces
Necropsy: clotted blood in stomach (pars esophagea portion) and duodenum

A

Gastric Ulcers

35
Q

OESOPHAGOSTOMUM infection – vomiting w/o diarrhea
▪ Tachycardia, restlessness, colic signs

A

Intussusception

36
Q

Inguinal MALES after castration, heritable!
Umbilical FEMALES

A

Hernias

37
Q

12-14 week older pigs – unknown etiology, possibly heritable
Raised circular lesions on ventral abdomen – NO TREATMENT NEEDED – resolves on its own

A

Pityriasis rosea

38
Q

Exudative epidermatitis – aka GREASY PIG DISEASE (scabs, excoriations)
Piglets <8wks old – brown exudative spots on skin of head, axillae, groin – brown, crusty
Morbidity/mortality high in younger pigs, rarely affects adults
Bacterial culture
Tx- antibiotics in older, cull in younger

A

Staphylococcus hyicus

39
Q

Poxvirus

A

Swine pox

40
Q

Transmitted by biting insects (esp. lice!) – control is eliminate hog lice/insect vectors o 1-2cm round papules, pustules, vesicles, scabs on ventral abdomen

A

Swine pox, poxvirus

41
Q

Caused by bites from pen-mates or from violent head-shaking (from mites/lice in ear)

A

Aural hematoma

42
Q

Semi-lethal hereditary defect: causes macules and papillomas around coronary band

A

Dermatosis vegetans

43
Q

Zinc Deficiency! Supplement zinc in diet
▪ Starter diet = 125 ppm zinc + 0.9% Ca
▪ Grower diet = 75 ppm zinc + 0.6% Ca
▪ Finisher diet = 50 ppm zinc + 0.5% Ca
May resemble “greasy pig disease” (Staph hyicus) which is seen more in younger suckling pigs, tx = abx

A

Parakeratosis

44
Q

Snorting, sneezing, snuffling, coughing, epistaxis, nasal discharge, turbinate atrophy, facial distortion
Common in piglets: 3-8 weeks old
Tx: antibiotics / Prevention: vaccination

A

Atrophic Rhinitis – Bordetella bronchisepticum (nonprogressive), Pasteurella multocida (progressive)

45
Q

Snout necrosis when it enters nasal/oral mucosa

A

Necrotic Rhinitis – Fusobacterium necrophorum (G+)

46
Q

Necrotic Rhinitis

A

Fusobacterium necrophorum (G+)

47
Q

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae

A

ENZOOTIC PNEUMONIA

48
Q

Coughing in feeder pigs (persistent dry cough, fever, inappetence, ↓ weight gain/retarded growth
Necropsy: purple/grey consolidation in cranioventral lungs with catarrhal exudate in airways
Prevention: vaccination, address air quality and ventilation
Dx: lesions and PCR assay

A

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae – ENZOOTIC PNEUMONIA

49
Q

ACTINOBACILLUS PLEUROPNEUMONIAE (G-)

A

Pleuropneumonia

50
Q

High morbidity and mortality
Sudden onset respiratory distress w/ open mouth breathing, frothy pink oral/nasal discharge (blood) o Pigs <6 months old who commonly have concurrent infections (Mycoplasma, Pasteurella, PRRS, influenza)
Dx - bacterial culture
▪ DDx – influenza affects ALL ages, no pink discharge o Necropsy: fibrinonecrotic hemorrhagic lung lesions
▪ Necrohemorrhagic fibrinosuppurative pleuropneumonia
Adults get bloody, dark lungs
Tx with antibiotics
Control at elimination of bacterial at breeding stock level

A

Pleuropneumonia – ACTINOBACILLUS PLEUROPNEUMONIAE (G-)

51
Q

DDx for lameness

A

DDx for lameness: Strep suis, Erysipelas, Mycoplasma hyorhinis, Haemophilus parasuis

52
Q

Multiple pigs from herd present lame – usually fast growing well-muscled pigs, lame at 4-8 months old
Lesion: defects in articular cartilage – medial femoral condyle, humeral condyle, humeral head, glenoid of scapula,
distal ulna, lumbar vertebrae
Cull affected animals – replace w/ normal animals for breeding - Cross Breeding DOES NOT HELP
Tx: symptomatic, doesn’t cure dz

A

Osteochondrosis dessicans

53
Q

Painful joints, pneumonia, sometimes neuro – swollen painful joints, shifting leg lameness
Affects pigs 2-4 months old
Necropsy: fibrinopurulent pleuritis and peritonitis (polyserositis), sometimes pericarditis/meningitis o Tx: penicillin

A

Glaesserella parasuis – GLASSER’S DISEASE

54
Q

Presents similar to Glasser’s Disease – polyarthritis, polyserositis, fever, pneumonia, 2-4 month old pigs
LOW mortality

A

Mycoplasma hyorhinis

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