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MA'AM AURELIA GO GO GO > Pig Anatomy > Flashcards

Pig Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

the immovable, fibrous joints between the skull bones

A

Sutures of the skull

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2
Q

the cartilaginous joint joining the
right and left mandibular bodies.

A

symphysis of the mandible

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3
Q

the synovial articulations
between the bones of the hyoid apparatus and between the
thyrohyoid bone and the cranial cornu of the thyroid cartilage

A

joints of hyoid apparatus

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4
Q

a condylar joint between the
condyles of the mandible and the mandibular fossae of the
temporal bones.

A

temporomandibular joint

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5
Q

or tarsal joint; a compound hinge type of synovial joint. It is a composite joint articulation like the carpal joint, allowing flexion and extension.

A

Hock Joint

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6
Q

What are the three separate articulation of hock joints?

A

tibiatarsal joint, intertarsal joint, tarsometatarsal joint

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7
Q

between the lateral condyle of the ulna and the head of
the fibula

A

tibiofibular

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8
Q

How many patellar ligament do pigs have?

A

Only one.

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9
Q

the articulation between the patella and trochlea of the femur. It has a spacious joint capsule.

A

femoropatellar joint

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10
Q

the articulation between the femoral condyles and tibia (and the interposed menisci)

A

femorotibial joint

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11
Q

or genual articulation. The compound
joint between the femur and patella and the femur and
tibia. It is a condylar joint which acts like a hinge joint
with a little rotation.

A

stifle joint

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12
Q

or coxofemoral articulation. The
ball-and-socket type of synovial joint
between the head of the femur and the
acetabulum of the hip bone.

A

hip joint

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13
Q

The relatively
immovable articulation between the wings
of the sacrum and ilium.

A

sacro-iliac joint

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14
Q

the articulations between the
metacarpal bones and the proximal phalanges, including the
palmar sesamoid bones. It is a modified hinge joint allowing
extension and flexion

A

metacarpophalangeal joint

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15
Q

a saddle type of synovial joint
between the proximal and middle phalanges

A

proximal interphalangeal joint

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16
Q

the saddle type of synovial joint
between the middle and distal phalanges

A

distal interphalangeal joint

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17
Q

medial and lateral collateral ligaments stabilize the
sides of all metacarpophalangeal and phalangeal joints

A

ligaments

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18
Q

articulations
between the proximal ends of the
metacarpal bones.

A

intermetacarpal joints

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19
Q

between the distal radius and ulna and
the proximal row of carpal bones. There is a lot of movement in this
joint.

A

antebrachiocarpal joint

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20
Q

between the two rows of carpal bones. It communicates with the carpometacarpal joint. Although less than the antebrachiocarpal joint, it also has a lot of movement.

A

middle carpal joint

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21
Q

between the distal row of carpal bones and the metacarpal bones. It communicates with the middle
carpal joint. There is very little movement in this joint.

A

carpometacarpal joint

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22
Q

plane joints between the individual carpal
bones

A

intercarpal joints

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23
Q

a hinge type of synovial joint, allowing flexion and extension with some lateral movement. It
consists of three main joints – antebrachiocarpal, middle carpal and carpometacarpal.

A

carpal joints

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24
Q

between the distal radius and
ulna. It is part of the antebrachiocarpal joint with
which it shares a joint capsule

A

distal radioulnar joint

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25
Q

Is a hinge (ginglymus) type of synovial joint allowing
flexion and extension. It is also a compound joint
formed between the humerus, the radius, and the
ulna.

A

elbow joint

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26
Q

a ball-and-socket (spheroid) type synovial joint between the
glenoid cavity and the humeral head. It has a loose joint
capsule with non true collateral ligaments.

A

Shoulder Joint, Glenohumeral or scapulohumeral joint

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27
Q

What are the movements of joints?

A

❖ FLEXION
❖ EXTENSION
❖ DORSAL AND VENTRAL FLEXION
❖ ABDUCTION
❖ ADDUCTION
❖ CIRCUMDUCTION
❖ ROTATION
❖ UNIVERSAL

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28
Q

the contraction of muscles
crossing a joint and the shape of the joint produce its
characteristic movements

A

Classification by movement of joints

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29
Q

Plane Joint

A

Arthrodial

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30
Q

Ball and Socket Joint

A

Spheroidal

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31
Q

Hinge Joint

A

Ginglymus

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32
Q

pivot joint

A

trochoid

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33
Q

articulations with two
articulating bones

A

simple joints

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34
Q

articulations with more
than two bones articulating (e.g. stifle)

A

compound joints

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35
Q

What are the three classification of synovial joints?

A
  1. Number of articular surfaces
  2. Shape of articular surfaces
  3. Particular function of the joint
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36
Q

a structure similar to a bursa that wraps completely around a tendon. It reduces friction between the
tendon and underlying bones

A

Synovial Sheath

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37
Q

sac containing lubricating fluid but in pigs the term is often used to describe a fibrous lump beneath the kin covering bony prominences, caused by constant pressure

A

bursa

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38
Q

a plate of fibrocartilage partially or
completely dividing a joint cavity. It functions to allow a greater
variety of motion and alleviate concussion

A

meniscus or disc

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39
Q

a unique feature of synovial joint. It is little more than a potential
space containing a trace of synovial fluid.

A

joint cavity

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40
Q

What is extracapsular ligaments?

A

ligaments developing outside of or as part of the joint
capsule

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41
Q

located within the joint capsule

A

intracapsular ligaments

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42
Q

strong bands of white fibrous connective tissue uniting bones. They function to keep joint surfaces in apposition and still allow movement. They are usually
inelastic

A

ligaments

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43
Q

the translucent, bluish-tinged cartilage, usually hyaline,
covering the articular ends of bones. It reduces the effects of concussion and
friction by its compressibility, elasticity and smoothness

A

articular cartilage

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44
Q

the viscous liquid produced by the synovial membrane to lubricate the joint,
supply nutrients, remove waste from the hyaline articular cartilage. It has the consistency of
raw egg white.

A

synovial fluid

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45
Q

the inner lining of the fibrous layer. It is highly vascular,
nerve-rich, and produces synovial fluid

A

synovial membrane

46
Q

the white and yellow elastic fibrous part of the joint capsule. It
attaches to the periosteum on or near the margin of the articular cartilage. Its
thickness varies from joint to joint and within each joint.

A

fibrous layer

47
Q

the two-layered structure surrounding the joint, made of an outer fibrous layer and an inner synovial membrane

A

joint capsule

48
Q

what are the features of diarthroses?

A

a joint cavity
mobility
articular cartilage
synovial membrane
fibrous capsule

49
Q

the fibrocartilaginous (or possibly hyaline cartilaginous) joints that occur on the midline of the body.
Although they may or may not ossify with age, they always
limit the motion of the joint.

A

symphysis

50
Q

a fibrous joint uniting
two bones by a sheet of fibrous connective tissue

A

ligamentous joint or syndesmosis

51
Q

a joint connected by either connective tissue or fibrocartilage

A

slightly movable joint or amphiarthrosis

52
Q

The fixed tight
union allowing little or no movement and having great
strength.

A

Immovable Joints or Synarthrosis

53
Q

a fibrous joint between the skull bones. They may
ossify with age.

A

Suture

54
Q

parieto-temporal joints

A

Squamous (edges overlap)

55
Q

frontal joint

A

Serrated (edges are irregular)

56
Q

nasal joint

A

Harmonious (edges are straight)

57
Q

articulation united by fibrous tissue, allowing little or no movement, as in suture or
syndesmosis. These are often temporary joints that later
ossify (synostosis).

A

fibrous joint

58
Q

articulation united by fibrocartilage,
hyaline cartilage, or both, as in a synchondrosis or a
symphysis. These also can be slightly movable or
immovable.

A

cartilaginous joint

59
Q

bones surrounding the brain forming the cranial cavity.

A

Cranium

60
Q

paired frontal and parietal bones in the most domestic species

A

roof of the cranium

61
Q

caudal aspect of the skull formed by the occipital bone

A

occipital region

62
Q

lateral walls of the cranium formed by the temporal bones

A

temporal region

63
Q

ventral aspect of the cranium formed primarily by
the unpaired sphenoid bone

A

floor of the cranium

64
Q

rostral aspect of the cranium formed by the
unpaired ethmoid bone

A

rostral wall of the cranium

65
Q

together with the frontal bone forms the roof of
the cranial cavity in all domestic animals, except the ox and pig

A

parietal bone

66
Q

rostral part of the roof of the cranial cavity in
most domestic species. In the ox and pig, it forms the entire roof

A

frontal bone

67
Q

bones of oral region?

A

incisive, maxillary, palatine and the mandible surrounding the oral cavity

68
Q

bones of nasal region?

A

nasal, maxillary, palatine and incisive bones surrounding the nasal cavity

69
Q

bony socket holding the eye formed by portions of the frontal, lacrimal, palatine, sphenoid, and zygomatic bones

A

orbital region

70
Q

along with the cranial part of the frontal bone form the osseous roof of the nasal cavity

A

nasal bones

71
Q

lateral part of the face and the part of the hard palate holding the upper cheek teeth

A

maxillary or maxilla

72
Q

rostral bone holding the upper incisors (front teeth)

A

incisive bone

73
Q

forms the hard palate, along with the maxillary and incisive bones

A

palatine

74
Q

cranial part of the zygomatic arch

A

zygomatic bone or malar bone

75
Q

the medial surface of the orbit

A

lacrimal bone

76
Q

a scroll of bone located in the nasal cavity

A

ventral nasal concha

77
Q

small, paired bones in the caudal part of the
nasopharynx

A

pterygoid bones

78
Q

unpaired bone forming part of the osseous nasal
septum

A

vomer

79
Q

the large bone articulating with the skull that supports all the lower teeth

A

mandible

80
Q

It is found only in the horse and cats. In other species like the pig, it is present in the fetus but then fuses with surrounding bones
before birth.

A

interparietal bones

81
Q

unique bone found in the nose of the pig

A

rostral bone

82
Q

bony socket holding the eye

A

orbit

83
Q

depression in the medial margins of the orbit. It collects tears and sends them through the lacrimal canal which opens into the nasal cavity.

A

lacrimal fossa

84
Q

the rostral opening of the infraorbital canal, located in the maxillary bone

A

infraorbital foramen

85
Q

the paired structures lateral to the foramen magnum that articulate with the first cervical vertebra

A

occipital condyles

86
Q

ventral projection near the occipital condyles

A

paracondylar process

87
Q

the large opening caudal to the zygomatic arch where the external ear attaches

A

external acoustic meatus

88
Q

located caudal to the external acoustic meatus. It is an attachment site for muscles

A

mastoid process

89
Q

the caudal process of the occipital bone

A

external occipital protuberance

90
Q

the transverse ridge at the transition from the dorsal to the caudal (nuchal) surfaces of the skull

A

nuchal crest

91
Q

the depression formed by the temporal and
parietal bones

A

temporal fossa

92
Q

the rostral bony opening into the nasal cavity

A

nasal aperture

93
Q

extends rostrally from the external occipital
protuberance on the midline (absent ruminants).

A

median sagittal crest

94
Q

the large opening into the cranial cavity for continuity of the spinal cord and brain

A

foramen magnum

95
Q

the smooth bulbous enlargement on the ventral side of the temporal bone housing the middle ear

A

tympanic bulla

96
Q

the area on the zygomatic arch for articulation with the articular process (condyle) of the mandible

A

mandibular fossa

97
Q

the passageway for the optic nerve from the eyeball to the brain. It is rostral to many other foramina that allow passage of other cranial
nerves.

A

optic canal

98
Q

the two bony openings at the caudal end of the
hard palate, leading from the nasal cavity into the pharynx

A

choanae or caudal nares

99
Q

the horizontal parts of the incisive, palatine and the maxillary bones, separating the nasal and oral cavities

A

hard palate

100
Q

found in ruminants and pigs, is the joining of the
round and orbital foramina of other species

A

foramen orbitorotundum

101
Q

flat bone forming the skeleton of the shoulder

A

scapula

102
Q

longbone forming the skeleton of the upper arm or brachium

A

humerus

103
Q

two long bones w/c together form the skeleton of the forearm

A

radius and ulna

104
Q

The skeleton of the manus consist of?

A

carpus, metacarpus, digits

105
Q

a long bone, which forms the
skeletal of the thigh

A

femur

106
Q

long bones which form the skeleton of the leg, in pigs they are not fused

A

tibia and fibula

107
Q

large sesamoid which develops in the tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle

A

patella

108
Q

skeleton of the pes consist of

A

tarsus, metatarsus, digits

109
Q

skeleton of the pes consist of

A
  • Tibial tarsal
  • Fibular tarsal
    *Central tarsal
  • Tarsals 1,2,3 and 4
110
Q

It is largest bone of the face. It carries the lower
teeth. It articulates with the squamous temporal bone on either side by condyles

A

mandible

111
Q

situated between the vertical parts of the rami of the mandibles. It is attached on the either side to the styloid process of the petrous temporal bone by rods of cartilage

A

hyoid

112
Q

What are the three structures that hyoid supports?

A

root of the tongue, pharynx, larynx,

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