Piety - Saints and Laypeople Flashcards
expectations of the laity
7 sacraments - varied regionally
tithes - later insisted to go towards local church
confession - at least once a year
mass - again at least once a year
corporal works of mercy - feed the poor etc
burial
expectations of the clergy
preaching - bishops and some priests
professionals - preaching as a career
sermon collections
office- performing of masses etc
changes in faith
new feasts eg corpus christi increased use of the vernacular more personal expectations of faith multiplication of parishes confraternities
Problems with Saints
community makes a saint
guibert- narrates creation of a saint - but extremely critical due to involvement of lower classes
often lots of the same relic - lateran 4 tries to fix this
laws of the making of saints
993 - first papal canonisation
11th C, reforms - makes some saints
1200- canonisation reserved only for papacy
proof of miracles and a virtuous life needed
Process of canonisation
petition to curia mandate issued in name of pope witnesses given testaments examined by curia papal sentence and announcement development of cult
example of canonisation
peter the martyr
inquisitor and preacher, attacked north of milan
huge funeral
immediate petition to pope
19 documented miracles
fastest canonisation in history - 1 year
‘life’ written- essential to develop cult
connected to papal policy against heretics
huge promotion of cult by papacy and dominicans
patron saint of milan
functions of saints
exemplary - eg nicholas admirable - but not to be imitated eg stigmata intercessors - protection healers creation of community eg st andrews
Uncertain ideas of lay belief
Nature of Christs body - transubstanciación
What happens at death - purgatory
Tithes
Excommunication
Needed to be constantly repeated to be understood
Adaptation of teaching to match expectations of belief
Confraternities
Could be many for each church - all different
Form of shared piety beyond mass/confession
Intended to be socially inclusive
Flagellant practice
Rise of cult of man of sorrows
Ideals of men and women
Women - seen in Mary (purity) and Eve (carnality)
Men - virtuous marriage, teaching of commandments, managing family
Sickness
Lateran 4 states sickness may be result of sin
Priests ministered I’ll through blessing
Hospitals often ecclesiastically founded
Link to pilgrimage and spiritual health
Death
Individual wills - rise in number Bequests to pious causes Importance of burials Intercession Family chapels for elites Indulgences
Sources
Lateran 4 - sets out obligations of both clergy and laity
Humbert of Romans - attitudes towards crusading
