picu board card Flashcards
<p>main effect of BK virus infection</p>
<p>renal failure</p>
<p>anacrotic limb signifies what</p>
<p>aortic valve opening and onset of LV ejection</p>
<p>hepatopulmonary syndrome</p>
<p>pathological dilation of pulm vessels causing increased intrapulmonary shunt, hypoxemia</p>
<p>carb overfeeding causes \_\_\_\_ RQ</p>
<p>higher</p>
<p>what happens in carbon monoxide poisoning pulse oximetry reading?</p>
<p>the oxygen saturation is overestimated because it interprets carboxyhemoglobin to be oxyhemoglobin, this also occurs in hemolysis</p>
V/Q =
((8.63 x R(CaO2-CmvO2))/PACO2
<p>hyperammonemia with acidosis, yes urine ketones</p>
<p>organic aciduria</p>
<p>low lipid solubility, high protein binding, decreased tissue binding produce a \_\_\_ volume of distribution</p>
<p>low</p>
<p>CaO2 = </p>
<p>1.36 (amount of oxygen in ml that a fully saturated Hb can carry) x Hb (g/dL) x %sat x 0.003 (solubility coefficient of oxygen in ml of oxygen per dL of blood)</p>
<p>it is difficult/easy to remove a drug with large Vd by dialysis</p>
<p>difficult</p>
<p>immunodeficiency of older kids, B cell defect, increased risk autoimmune disease</p>
<p>CVID</p>
<p>risk ratio is similar to odds ratio if events are \_\_</p>
<p>rare</p>
<p>do neonates have a larger or smaller relative volume of distriubtion</p>
<p>larger</p>
<p>this is in cryo</p>
<p>8, 13, vWF, fibrinogen; 1 unit increases fibrinogen by 50 mg/dL</p>
<p>what facilitates the interaction of actin and myosin</p>
<p>an increase in cytosolic calcium</p>
<p>which type of diuretic is likely to cause kidney stones, esp in premature infants</p>
<p>loop diuretics</p>
<p>EKG signs hypercalcemia</p>
<p>prolonged PR, short QT, wide QRS</p>
<p>normal pyruvate and elevated lactate to pyrvate ratio</p>
<p>mitochondrial disorder</p>
<p>x linked recessive failure of neutrophil oxidative burst, NADPH oxidase deficiency</p>
<p>CGD</p>
<p>Lasix and bumex quickly increase \_\_\_ leading to improvement in heart failure</p>
<p>venous capacitance</p>
<p>antidote for serotonin syndrome</p>
<p>cyproheptadine; antihistamine and serotonin antagonist</p>
<p>infection after liver transplant after 4 weeks</p>
<p>viral</p>
<p>when is risk ratio similar to odds ratio, when events are rare or when events are frequent</p>
<p>when events are rare</p>
<p>risk of catheter related infection is lowest for \_\_\_</p>
<p>subclavian, but highest risk mechanical complications</p>
<p>PAO2 = </p>
<p>((Patm-PH20) x FiO2) - PaCO2/RQ</p>
<p>how does NO cause vasodilation</p>
<p>activation of guanylate cyclase to increase cAMP</p>
<p>effect of ATII and endothelin on afferent arteriole</p>
<p>constriction</p>
<p>DO2 (ml/min) =</p>
<p>CaO2 x CO x 10 dL/L</p>
<p>which muscles are most resistant to neuromuscular blockade in children/adults</p>
<p>larynx, diaphragm</p>
<p>high fever, diarrhea, severe encephalopathy, 50% mortality</p>
<p>hemorrhagic shock encephalopathy syndrome</p>
<p>administration of \_\_\_ is contraindicated in children with MCAD deficiency</p>
<p>MCT oil</p>
<p>is inhaled NO helpful in lung transplant dysfunction</p>
<p>yes</p>
<p>what is treatment for NMS</p>
<p>benzos and dopaminergic agents</p>
<p>v wave</p>
<p>atrium filling with blood again</p>
<p>dicrotic notch signifies what</p>
<p>reflected waves back from arteries when measured peripherally</p>
<p>flexed upper extremities posturing is called</p>
<p>decorticate, comes before decerebrate</p>
<p>hallmark of community acquired MRSA</p>
<p>profound neutropenia</p>
<p>hyperammonemia without acidosis is the hallmark of the \_\_\_</p>
<p>urea cycle defects</p>
<p>this MRI mode uses the brownian movement of water molecules to identify acute and subacute edema, ischemic areas will be \_\_\_ on this method</p>
<p>DWI, bright</p>
<p>altered systemic \_\_\_\_ synthesis leads to decreaesd pulm clearance of ROS leading to ARDS in liver failure</p>
<p>glutathione</p>
<p>risk of infection with PICC is \_\_ than CVL</p>
<p>same, time to infection is longer however</p>
<p>in what zone of lung does PA catheter need to be for best measurement</p>
<p>in area least effected by alveolar pressure, zone 3</p>
<p>hereditary hemochromastosis has low levels of \_\_\_, a regular or iron homeostasis</p>
<p>hepcidin</p>
<p>in massive transfusion for every 5 units blood give </p>
<p>4 units plt and 1 unit FFP</p>
<p>this is the crunching sound during systole that suggests air or fluid abutting the heart signifying mediastinitis</p>
<p>hamman sign</p>
<p>neonatal airways are \_\_\_ than adults when normalized to BSA</p>
<p>larger</p>
<p>this disease has elevated pyruvate but normal lactate to pyruvate ratio, hypoglycemia</p>
<p>glycogen storage</p>
<p>this disease has decreased number of Ach receptors to not have an effective contraction</p>
<p>myasthenia gravis</p>
<p>on which MRI is CSF dark</p>
<p>T1</p>
<p>all alcohols are metabolized to \_\_\_</p>
<p>oxalic acids</p>
<p>TCA mechanisms</p>
<p>alpha 2 antagonists, block Na channels</p>
<p>biotin deficiency will result in a secondary deficiency in what enzyme</p>
<p>pyruvate carboxylase</p>
<p>type II HIT</p>
<p>antibody to plt factor 4, issue is thrombosis not bleeding; type I HIT self resolves</p>
<p>this is from reactivation of latent EBV after transplant leading to B cell hyperplasia/lymphoma</p>
<p>PTLD</p>
<p>TTP pentad</p>
<p>fever, AMS, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, renal dysfunction, thrombocytopenia</p>
<p>EKG findings of propofol infusion syndrome</p>
<p>RBBB and ST elevations V1 to V3</p>
<p>person is awake but drowsy</p>
<p>alpha</p>
<p>symptoms of TRALI must appear within \_\_\_ hours of transfusion</p>
<p>6</p>
<p>do highly lipophilic oral meds absorb faster or slower</p>
<p>faster</p>
<p>this inhibits GABA release presynaptically</p>
<p>tetanus toxin</p>
<p>conditions where PAOP underestimates</p>
<p>LV non compliance, aortic regurg (mitral valve closes but retrograde flow continues and thus elevates LVEDP)</p>
<p>hyperammonenia with acidosis, no urine ketones</p>
<p>disorder of FA oxidation</p>
<p>anti inflammatory cytokines</p>
<p>IL-10, TGF-beta</p>
<p>how many half lives until steady state</p>
<p>4-5</p>
<p>this is a bath salt that causes seizures, hyperthermia, agitation, fever</p>
<p>mephedrone</p>
<p>higher gas flow at lower pressures is the \_\_\_ principle</p>
<p>bernoulli principele</p>
<p>K time long or shallow alpha angle in TEG</p>
<p>need plt, fibrinogen to help clot kinetics</p>
<p>side effect of cyclophosphamide</p>
<p>hemorrhagic cystitis</p>
<p>critical point of oxygen delivery</p>
<p>at this point tissues are supply dependent for oxygen delivery and consumption will fall with falling oxygen delivery</p>
<p>side effect of vincristine</p>
<p>peripheral neuropathy</p>
<p>location of phlebostatic axis</p>
<p>junction of 4th intercostal space and mid axillary line</p>
<p>this dopamine receptor is on renal tubules and mediates naturiesis</p>
<p>DA-1, also cause vasodilation postsynaptic</p>
<p>with decreasing GFR there is an \_\_\_\_ in Cr secretion</p>
<p>increase, thus further overestimating GFR</p>
<p>as the arterial pulse is transmitted distally the \_\_\_ peak increases, the \_\_\_ pressure decreases</p>
<p>systolic, diastolic</p>
<p>equation for renal plasma flow</p>
<p>RPF = (renal artery pressure-renal vein pressure)/RVR</p>
<p>pompes EKG</p>
<p>biventricular strain, short PR</p>
<p>this is the volume of plasma from which drug is removed over a period of time and equals k x Vd</p>
<p>clearance</p>
<p>combo of neutropenia, panc insufficiency, resp infection</p>
<p>schwachmann diamond</p>
<p>high spinal cord injury can cause autonomic \_\_\_</p>
<p>dysreflexia, episodes of hypertension</p>
<p>this metabolic disorder has cardiomyopathy, myopathy, myoglobinuria</p>
<p>fatty acid oxidation</p>
<p>plt adhesion is \_\_\_\_ in liver failure</p>
<p>increased</p>
<p>proximal RTA type II</p>
<p>decreased ability of proximal tubule to absorb bicarb, low urine pH</p>
<p>response of large pulm arteries to hypoxia</p>
<p>vasodilation</p>
<p>significant slowing on eeg</p>
<p>delta</p>
<p>this impairs release of Ach at NMJ</p>
<p>botulinum toxin</p>
<p>name of decreased and delayed arterial upstroke seen in aortic stenosis</p>
<p>pulsus parvus et tardus</p>
<p>infant chest wall has \_\_ compliance, \_\_\_ elastance</p>
<p>increased, decreased</p>
<p>these are the most prevalent immune deficiences</p>
<p>antibody defects</p>
<p>the point where inhaled gas becomes 100% humidified in mechanical ventilated patients</p>
<p>isothermic saturation boundary</p>
<p>this medication inhibits acetylcholinesterase and improves muscle strength in MG in 1 min</p>
<p>edrophonium</p>
<p>most mineralocorticoid steroid</p>
<p>hydrocortisone</p>
<p>GFR plasma inulin formula</p>
<p>GFR x Pin = V x Uin</p>
<p>conditions where PAOP overestimates LVEDP</p>
<p>catheter in west zone 1 or 2, excessive positive mean airway pressure, mitral valve disease as only the high LA pressure is reflected not the actual LVEDP, increased PVR</p>
<p>whats the primary cytokine for macrophages</p>
<p>RANTES</p>
<p>infant lungs have \_\_\_ elastance</p>
<p>decreased</p>
<p>when focal vascular injury occurs due to the trauma the initial response is </p>
<p>vasoconstriction</p>
<p>anterior spinal cord is responsible for ...</p>
<p>pain, temperature</p>
<p>this elimination has constant amount eliminated per unit time</p>
<p>zero order</p>
<p>risk of clot in HIT persists for how long</p>
<p>weeks</p>
<p>fast component of nystagmus with warm water is away/toward the warm water</p>
<p>away</p>
<p>alkalinization of urine in TCA overdose does/does not effect excretion</p>
<p>does not, it increases the binding of free drug</p>
<p>milrinone half life is \_\_\_ in infants than children</p>
<p>longer</p>
<p>a wave</p>
<p>atrial contraction</p>
<p>in what phase of CPR does the RA pressure fall faster than aortic pressure allowing the coronaries to perfuse</p>
<p>decompression phase, need at least 15 mm Hg difference</p>
<p>what is the effect of hypothermia on cerebral blood flow</p>
<p>reduced, also decreases response to changes in CO2</p>
<p>triscupid valve stenosis, PS, PA, pulm htn, non complaint RV causes these waves</p>
<p>cannaon a waves</p>
<p>chemotaxis neutrophil failure, recurrent staph infection of lung, eczema, increased Ige</p>
<p>hyper IgE (job syndrome)</p>
<p>side effect of amyl nitrite, sodium nitrite</p>
<p>methemoglobinemia</p>
<p>gold standard for HIT</p>
<p>C-serotonin assay</p>
<p>works through cGMP to activate Ca sensitive K channels, K goes into cell and Ca is inhibited resulting in relaxation</p>
<p>NO</p>
<p>which way does oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve go with increased 2,3 DPG, acidosis, increased temp, decreased pH</p>
<p>to the right</p>
<p>risk of significant LV dysfunction is minimized in duchennes patients who have received \_\_\_</p>
<p>steroids</p>
<p>this receptor activates adenylate cyclase to increase cAMP, increase protein kinase, increased cytosolic Ca</p>
<p>beta 1</p>
<p>this is a deficiency of acid alpha glucosidase, a lysosomal hydrolase responsible for degradation of a small amount of glycogen</p>
<p>pompes</p>
<p>decreased respiratory system elastance \_\_\_ closing volume </p>
<p>increases; volume in infants is above FRC so there is atelectasis in quiet breathing</p>
<p>this is a reflex where an increase in atrial volume causes an increase in HR and contractility</p>
<p>bainbridge</p>
<p>complication of silver sulfadizene</p>
<p>leukopenia due to neutrophils going to the site</p>
<p>anion gap acidosis with normal lactate and high ketones</p>
<p>disorder of ketolysis or aminoacidopathy like MSUD</p>
<p>infection after liver transplant common in first 4 weeks</p>
<p>bacterial</p>
<p>GFR using bedside Schwartz equation</p>
<p>GFR = (0.41 x height in cm)/Cr</p>
<p>positive and negative predictive value are influenced by the \_\_\_ of disease in the population</p>
<p>frequency</p>
<p>coronary steal</p>
<p>when coronary blood flow redistributes from endocardial to epicardial muscle</p>
<p>PVR = </p>
<p>(MPAP-PAOP)/CO x 80</p>
<p>absent dolls eye reflex</p>
<p>eyes turn with head and never deviate back to midline</p>
<p>channels between alveoli that allow for collateral ventilation</p>
<p>pores of kohn (not present until 3-4 years of age)</p>
<p>which is better for variceal bleeding, octreotide or vasopressin</p>
<p>octreotide</p>
<p>this drug inhibits PDE III</p>
<p>milrinone</p>
<p>which has a higher sat in normal conditions, Smv or Scv</p>
<p>Smv because its in PA and avoids coronary sinus blood</p>
<p>normal lysis at 30 min in teg is \_\_\_\_</p>
<p>less than 5%</p>
<p>whats the primary cytokine for neutrophils</p>
<p>IL-8</p>
<p>eczema, thrombocytopenia, immunodeficiency</p>
<p>wiskott aldrich</p>
<p>if there is no difference between therapies but investigators conclude there is</p>
<p>type I error, alpha</p>
<p>Qs=</p>
<p>VO2/Cao-Cpa</p>
<p>response of peripheral chemoreceptors in carotid and aorta to hypoxemia less than 60 mm Hg</p>
<p>increase minute ventilation, increase sympathetic tone</p>
<p>which waves become more prominent in tricuspid regurg</p>
<p>c and v</p>
<p>drugs with poor tissues penetration have a small/large Vd</p>
<p>small</p>
<p>this equals 0.693/k</p>
<p>T1/2</p>
<p>Reynolds number = </p>
<p>(2vrp/n); less than 2000 is laminar, over 4000 is turbulent</p>
<p>which curve is linear for elimination, first order or zero order</p>
<p>first order</p>
<p>anion gap acidosis with normal lactate and low ketones</p>
<p>disorder of fatty acid oxidation</p>
<p>elevated BUN and elevated bili can \_\_ free fraction of drug</p>
<p>increase</p>
<p>color of full thickness burn</p>
<p>white or black</p>
<p>the area of the LV pressure volume curve represents \_\_\_</p>
<p>stroke work</p>
<p>closing capacity</p>
<p>the volume at which small airway closure occurs during expiration</p>
<p>reverse Fick VO2 = </p>
<p>(CaO2 - CmvO2) x CO</p>
<p>anacrotic limb</p>
<p>initial sharp upstroke of arterial waveform</p>
<p>where is v/q ratio highest</p>
<p>apex of lung</p>
<p>most immunosuppressive steroid</p>
<p>decadron</p>
<p>this is the neurotransmitter at all sympathetic ganglia, the post gang neurotransmitter is \_\_\_</p>
<p>ach, norepi</p>
<p>antidote for calcium channel blocker overdose</p>
<p>calcium, then insulin</p>
<p>what distinguishes PA waveform from RV waveform</p>
<p>PA waveform has a higher diastolic pressure</p>
<p>what is the response of the coronaries to acidosis</p>
<p>vasodilate</p>
<p>BNP acts via \_\_\_</p>
<p>cGMP</p>
<p>which type of cardiac muscle gets more blood flow, endocardial or epicardial ?</p>
<p>endocardial at ratio of 1.25:1</p>
<p>HIV diagnosis greater than 18 months</p>
<p>HIV ab</p>
<p>another word for accuracy ie close to the truth</p>
<p>validity</p>
<p>in hypervolemic (zone III) conditions an increase in abdominal pressure with diaphragm descent caused a \_\_\_ in venous return</p>
<p>increase (non splanchnic blood flow is not inhibited), splanchnic flow increases</p>
<p>symp pregang neurotransmitter is \_\_\_, post gang is \_\_\_</p>
<p>ach, norepi</p>
<p>this is equal to (total amount of drug in the body)/(concentration in the plasma)</p>
<p>volume of distribution</p>
<p>TLR3 recognizes \_\_\_\_</p>
<p>dsDNA viruses</p>
<p>highly protein bound drugs are/are not readily filtered</p>
<p>are not</p>
<p>Qpul = </p>
<p>VO2/Cpv-Cpa</p>
<p>antidote for ethylene glycol</p>
<p>fomepizole to inhibit alcohol dehydrogenase; dialysis to remove the oxalic acid</p>
<p>when is intraaortic balloon pump inflated</p>
<p>during diastole</p>
<p>c wave</p>
<p>tricuspid valve displacement toward atrium during isovolumic contraction</p>
<p>this toxic overdose blocks Na-K ATPase in myocardium</p>
<p>TCAs</p>
<p>what accounts for over 50% liver transplants</p>
<p>biliary atresia with failed kasai</p>
<p>auto recessive impaired neutrophil phagocytosis, neuropathy, albinism</p>
<p>chediak higashi</p>
<p>antidote for methanol toxicity</p>
<p>folinic acid</p>
<p>if there is a difference but investigators conclude there is not</p>
<p>type II, beta</p>
<p>fetal Hb has \_\_\_ O2 affinity, \_\_\_\_\_ p50</p>
<p>higher, lower</p>
<p>distal RTA type I</p>
<p>decreased urine proton excretion, high urine pH</p>
<p>anion gap acidosis with high lactate and normal pyruvate(elevated lactate to pyruvate ratio)</p>
<p>mitochondrial disorder</p>
<p>lymphomatous transformation when infected with EBV, see lymphadenopathy, hepatic/BM failure</p>
<p>X linked lymphoproliferative disease</p>
<p>flail chest</p>
<p>chest collapses with inspirations</p>
<p>drug is eliminated as a fixed amount over time</p>
<p>zero order</p>
<p>this elimination kinetic has rate of elimination directly proportional to concentration of drug</p>
<p>first order</p>
<p>wall tension T = ; aka law of LaPlace</p>
<p>(P x r)/2w</p>
<p>this inhibits IL-2, is nephrotoxic</p>
<p>calcineurin inhibitors like cyclosporin</p>
<p>this is the best load independent measure of contractility because it measures contractility at different preloads and afterloads</p>
<p>end systolic pressure volume relationship ie slope of the curve</p>
<p>need to rule out this disorder in nonaccidental trauma</p>
<p>glutaric aciduria type I, tx is L carnitine, retinal hemorrhages not seen</p>
<p>FeNa</p>
<p>(UnaxPna)/(UcrxPcr)</p>
<p>\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_ stimulate gastric empyting</p>
<p>ghrelin and motilin</p>
<p>SIRS criteria must include \_\_\_ or \_\_\_</p>
<p>abnormal temp or WBC count</p>
<p>to diagnose organophosphate toxicity measure this</p>
<p>RBC cholinesterase</p>
<p>clue that pt may develop malignant hyperthermia</p>
<p>sustained masseter muscle rigidity</p>
<p>myoglobin precipitates when it interacts with</p>
<p>tamm-horshall protein</p>
<p>the receptor activates adenylate cyclase to increase cAMP, increase protein kinase, decreased cytosolic Ca</p>
<p>beta 2</p>
<p>most common type of TEF</p>
<p>esophageal atresia plus distal fistula between esophagus and trachea getting air into stomach</p>
<p>this is a class III antiarrythmic that blocks K channels on the sarcolemma of cardiac myocytes</p>
<p>adenosine</p>
<p>sympathetic pregang neurons are located from \_\_\_\_ and release Ach</p>
<p>T1-L2, Ach</p>
<p>what is treatment for varicella exposure</p>
<p>varicella immune globulin up to 10 days after</p>
<p>term for the percentage of drug that reaches the systemic circulation after administration</p>
<p>bioavailability</p>
<p>in critical illness both protein synhesis and breakdown are increased but there is still net \_\_\_ protein balance</p>
<p>negative</p>
<p>phase 2 of myocardial depol</p>
<p>calcium enters cell via L type channels, triggers Ca release from SR via ryanodine receptors (ca induced ca release), Ca binds to Tn-C, allowing actin and myosin to interact</p>
<p>which factor during CPR correlates with return of spontaneous circulation</p>
<p>coronary perfusion</p>
<p>anion gap acidosis with high lactate and high pyruvate (ie normal lactate:pyruvate ratio) but hypoglycemia</p>
<p>glycogen storage I or disorder of gluconeogenesis</p>
<p>a wave</p>
<p>atrial contraction at the end of diastole</p>
<p>this receptor has adenylate cyclase inhibited pre synaptically to decrease cAMP and PKA and decrease norepi leading to vasodilation</p>
<p>alpha 2</p>
<p>time based billing codes are used for patients older than _</p>
<p>6 years</p>
<p>this is the neurotransmitter for parasymp</p>
<p>ach</p>
<p>pressures the define pulm htn</p>
<p>over 25 at rest, over 30 in exercise</p>
<p>which area has highest O2ER in body</p>
<p>coronary sinus (its about 0.6), so decreased ability to increase thus vulnerable to ischemia</p>
<p>this has low WBC count with low levels of T cell surface markers CD3, CD8, CD4 and gets infected with P jiroveccii</p>
<p>SCID</p>
<p>fast component of nystagmus with cold water is away/toward the ice water</p>
<p>toward</p>
<p>response of small pulm arteries to hypoxia</p>
<p>vasoconstriction</p>
<p>when Pra is less than 0 venous return is still limited by the collapse of \_\_\_</p>
<p>extrathoracic blood vessels</p>
<p>medication of choice for cocaine intoxication</p>
<p>benzos</p>
<p>this drug blocks Na channels</p>
<p>cocaine</p>
<p>cannon a waves are caused by what</p>
<p>atrial contraction against a closed tricuspid valve</p>
<p>high crit, excesssive FFP, severe acute rejection</p>
<p>risk factors for hepatic artery thrombosis</p>
<p>x linked, CD40L mutation, cryptosporidium diarrhea</p>
<p>hyper IgM</p>
<p>is higher number or lower number worse for abbreviated injury score</p>
<p>higher</p>
<p>excessive glycolysis and unchanged lactate to pyruvate ratio can cause an elevated lactate, which type of lactic acidosis is this</p>
<p>type B</p>
<p>these two treatments can be helpful in MMA</p>
<p>B12, carnitine</p>
<p>Th2 cells are pro or anti inflammatory?</p>
<p>anti</p>
<p>the BBB is permeable/impermeable to mannitol and 3%</p>
<p>impermeable</p>
<p>vasopressin V1 receptor leads to \_\_\_</p>
<p>vasoconstriction, via PLC</p>
<p>which spinal levels innervate the diaphragm</p>
<p>C3, C4, C5</p>
<p>\_\_\_\_ inhibit gastric emptying</p>
<p> CCK, GLP-1, secretin</p>
<p>oxygen consumption equation</p>
<p>VO2 = DO2 x O2extraction</p>
<p>area of kidney most susceptible to ischemic damage</p>
<p>medulla; ie medullary thick ascending limb and S3 segment of proximal tubule</p>
<p>term for condunction velocity of heart</p>
<p>dromotropy</p>
<p>equation for flow using conservation of mass principle</p>
<p>Q = (amount of substance)/(average concentration of dye T1 to T2)</p>
<p>what does 10 mm Hg CO2 do to pH</p>
<p>decrease by 0.08</p>
<p>odds ratio is for \_\_\_ studies</p>
<p>case control</p>
<p>this inhibits release of GH, insulin, glucagon, and decreases portal venous blood flow</p>
<p>octreotide</p>
<p>risk of catheter related infection is highest for \_\_</p>
<p>femoral, also highest risk DVT</p>
<p>first line for aspergillus</p>
<p>vori</p>
<p>elevated abdominal pressure increases chest wall \_\_\_</p>
<p>elastance</p>
<p>half life albumin </p>
<p>20</p>
<p>3 parts of ICP wave, P1, P2, P3</p>
<p>P1 is systolic pressure, P2 compliance, P3 venous pulsations</p>
<p>as p50 increases, O2 affinity \_\_\_\_</p>
<p>falls</p>
<p>what is the energy source of cardiac muscle</p>
<p>fatty acids</p>
<p>effect of hypercapnia on coronary blood flow</p>
<p>vasodilate</p>
<p>main side effect of mycophenolate</p>
<p>diarrhea</p>
<p>failure of t and b cell, adenosine deaminase deficiency, fungal/viral infections</p>
<p>SCID</p>
<p>which receptor does labetalol hit the most</p>
<p>B1 more than B2, alpha 1</p>
<p>what is respiratory quotient</p>
<p>ratio of amount of CO2 being produced to O2 being consumed </p>
<p>whats difference between neuronal NOS/endothelial NOS and iNOS</p>
<p>neuronal/endothelial NOS are Ca dependent and produce NO at low levels, iNOS is Ca independent and produces at high levels</p>
<p>ATII causes \_\_\_\_ greater than \_\_\_\_ constriction during times of reduced renal perfusion pressure</p>
<p>efferent greater than afferent</p>
<p>normal SVRi, PVRi</p>
<p>800-1600, 80-240</p>
<p>high thoracic or spinal cord injury can injure the \_\_\_</p>
<p>Sympathetic nervous system and cause spinal shock, baseline bronchoconstriction</p>
<p>this disease has elevated pyruvate but normal lactate to pyruvate ratio, normoglycemia</p>
<p>pyruvate carboxylase or dehydrogenase deficiency</p>
<p>MA in TEG is what</p>
<p>plt concentration and function</p>
<p>tx of neonatal iron storage disease</p>
<p>antioxidant cocktail</p>
<p>aspirated sea water leads to \_\_\_</p>
<p>pulm edema</p>
<p>where does botulism work</p>
<p>presynaptically, stopping release of ach</p>
<p>haldane effect</p>
<p>deoxygenated blood has increased ability to carry CO2 and oxygenated blood has decreased ability to carry CO2 and H, so in lungs where oxygen is abundant CO2 is easily unloaded</p>
<p>this mab blocks CD25, IL-2</p>
<p>basilixumab</p>
<p>most common cause heptaic failure infants</p>
<p>metabolic disease</p>
<p>cephalic phase of gastric emptying is mediated by </p>
<p>histamine H2 receptor</p>
<p>gradient of CO2 between alveoli and large airways, another mechanism of ventilation in HFOV</p>
<p>molecular diffusion</p>
<p>severe rash, immunodeficiency state, lactic acidosis, hyperammonemia</p>
<p>biotinidase deficiency, tx with biotin</p>
<p>chemo drug that causes cerebellar syndrome, myelopathy</p>
<p>cytarabine</p>
<p>in TEG this has a short R time, high alpha angle, short K time, quick fibrinolysis</p>
<p>DIC</p>
<p>what part of the brain does the blood brain barrier not cover</p>
<p>choroid plexus</p>
<p>critical point of oxygen delivery in ARDS</p>
<p>tissues remain supply dependent at much higher levels of oxygen delivery</p>
<p>this receptor uses PLC to hydrolyze PIP2 to DAG and IP3 to promote increased intracellular Ca</p>
<p>alpha 1</p>
<p>main lipid component of sufactant is</p>
<p>phosphatidylcholine</p>
<p>\_\_\_ is the membrane reflection coefficient, the resistance of the membrane to protein passage</p>
<p>sigma; 0 is no resistance , 1 is full resistance</p>
<p>this inotrope causes renal splanchnic vasodilation at low dose</p>
<p>dopamine</p>
<p>biggest viral infection risk in liver failure</p>
<p>CMV, EBV</p>
<p>risk factors for secondary infection/death in immunoparalysis</p>
<p>lymphocyte apoptosis, lymphopenia</p>
<p>RQ of carbs</p>
<p>1</p>
<p>the dinamap method of blood pressure underestimates the \_\_\_ pressure</p>
<p>diastolic</p>
<p>this degrades cAMP, cGMP and is inhibited by milrinone</p>
<p>PDE-3</p>
<p>O2 extraction ratio = </p>
<p>(CaO2 - CvO2)/CaO2</p>
<p>lack of nicotinamide adenine nucleotide disphosphate is what disorder</p>
<p>CGD</p>
<p>mechanism of organophosphates</p>
<p>acetylcholinesterase inhibitors</p>
<p>what happens to afferent arteriole with high sodium delivery to macula densa</p>
<p>constriction</p>
<p>this drug is a highly selective B1 blocker metabolized by RBC esterases</p>
<p>esmolol</p>
<p>venom of elapidea snakes effects what system</p>
<p>neuro with descending paralysis</p>
<p>bohr effect</p>
<p>increased CO2, H+ reduce affinity of Hb for O2</p>
<p>what is the effect of hypoxia and hypercarbia on cerebral blood flow</p>
<p>cerebral vasodilation</p>
<p>parasymp pregang and post gang are\_\_\_</p>
<p>ach</p>
<p>these vasopressin receptors are on vascular smooth muscle and cause contraction as well as selective pulm and cerebral vasodilation</p>
<p>V1a</p>
<p>beta lactams, vanc, macrolides are time dependent or concentration dependent for killling</p>
<p>time dependent</p>
<p>this antibiotic inhibits adrenal synthesis of steroids</p>
<p>ketoconazole</p>
<p>anion gap acidosis with high lactate and high pyruvate (ie normal lactate:pyruvate ratio) but normal glucose</p>
<p>pyruvate dehydrogenase or pyruvate carboxylase deficiency</p>
<p>vasopressin V2 receptor leads to \_\_\_</p>
<p>water retnetion via cAMP</p>
<p>if PCO2 increases by 10, pH will fall by \_\_\_</p>
<p>0.08</p>
<p>how is n. meningitidis transmited</p>
<p>oral secretions</p>
<p>even numbers are \_\_\_ side on EEG</p>
<p>right</p>
<p>3 ml/kg prbc increases Hb by \_\_\_\_</p>
<p>1 g/dL</p>
<p>what neurotransmitter inhibits the conversion of tyrosine to dopa</p>
<p>norepi</p>
<p>sensitivity/1-specificity</p>
<p>positive likelihood ratio</p>
<p>another word for precision ie close to each other</p>
<p>reliability</p>
<p>carbon dioxide bound to hemoglobin \_\_\_\_ as oxygen hemoglobin saturation increases</p>
<p>decreases (easy to unload CO2 in high oxygen environment)</p>
<p>is higher number or lower number worse for revised trauma score</p>
<p>lower; if less than 11 refer to trauma center</p>
<p>90% of CO2 in the blood is in the form of \_\_\_</p>
<p>bicarbonate ion</p>
<p>hyperammonemia with acidosis</p>
<p>organic acidemia</p>
<p>infant seizing, no acidosis or ketones</p>
<p>non ketotic hyperglycinemia</p>
<p>cox proportional hazards model assumes hazards are \_\_\_ throughout the course</p>
<p>proportional; if not proportional use grays</p>
<p>second most common cause of unintentional death in children</p>
<p>submersion injury</p>
<p>gold standard to diagnosis MH</p>
<p>in vitro contracture test to expose muscle to halothane, caffeine or both</p>
<p>where is kidney medullary blood flow greatest, outer or inner medulla</p>
<p>outer</p>
<p>major criteria rheumatic fever</p>
<p>carditis with mitral then aortic, arthritis, chorea, erythema marginatum</p>
<p>edrophonium, neostigmine</p>
<p>anticholinesterases that potentiate effect of Ach; can be given in myasthenia gravis</p>
<p>VCO2 in HFOV = </p>
<p>f x Tv^2</p>
<p>effect of mannitol on cerebral blood vessels</p>
<p>it decreases blood viscosity, blood flows easier, vessels then constrict</p>
<p>patients with cochlear implant are at risk for</p>
<p>S. pneumo meningitis</p>
<p>these vasopressin receptors are in kidney and have antidiuretic effect</p>
<p>V2</p>
<p>X linked dominant disorder thats most common urea cycle defec</p>
<p>ornithin transcarbamylase deficiency</p>
<p>CNS changes in pompes</p>
<p>anterior horn cells of spinal cord and brainstem nuclei</p>
<p>1 tailed test can be used when only one direction of association is \_\_\_</p>
<p>clinically relevant</p>
<p>increased cGMP and cAMP cause pulm constriction or dilation?</p>
<p>dilation via inhibiting Ca mobilization from SR</p>
<p>defect in CD18, lack of beta 2 integrins occurs in what disorder</p>
<p>leukocyte adhesion deficiency</p>
<p>this interacts with guanylate cyclase to increase cGMP to reduce cytosolic Ca</p>
<p>NO</p>
<p>tx for metHb</p>
<p>methylene blue to stimulate NADPH reductase</p>
<p>this is associated with reduced stroke in sickle cell</p>
<p>regular exchange transfusion</p>
<p>this is a 5-HT2a agonist that is a hallucinogen that causes increased CK, fever, death</p>
<p>N-BOME</p>
<p>formula for resistance</p>
<p>R = (8nl)/(pie r^4)</p>
<p>hypertonia, seizures, coma, no lactate, no ammonia, urine ppt with DNPH</p>
<p>MSUD</p>
<p>dose of vasopressin for hemodynamic effects</p>
<p>0.0003 to 0.002 mcg/kg/min</p>
<p>x descent</p>
<p>decline in atrial pressure during systole</p>
<p>anion gap acidosis with high lactate and abnormal organic acids</p>
<p>organic acidemia like MMA, Prop acidemia, isovaleric</p>
<p>immunoparalysis</p>
<p>reduction of HLA-DR expression on circulating monocytes and decreased ability to make TNF-alpha for five or more days</p>
<p>this type of RTA is lack of urinary acidifcation despite acidosis</p>
<p>type I (distal) RTA</p>
<p>linear regression is for \_\_\_ outcomes</p>
<p>continuous</p>
<p>RBBB and ST elevation in anterior leads</p>
<p>brugada syndrome</p>
<p>which factors mediate hypoxic vasodilation in brain</p>
<p>NO, adenosine, K channels</p>
<p>expiratory lung volume is the volume at which \_\_\_ begins</p>
<p>inspiration</p>
<p>tx for the ESCAPE organisms</p>
<p>aminoglycoside/quinolone</p>
<p>decreased arterial oxygen content causes \_\_\_ (inc or dec_ autoregulated coronary flow</p>
<p>increaesd</p>
<p>MAP = </p>
<p>diastolic pressure + 1/3 (pulse pressure) and CO x SVR</p>
<p>transient htn with dexmed is via \_\_\_\_</p>
<p>peripheral alpha 1 stimulation</p>
<p>Cardiac index = </p>
<p>CO/BSA</p>
<p>hyperammonemia without acidosis</p>
<p>urea cycle defect</p>
<p>SVR = </p>
<p>(MAP-CVP)/CO x 80</p>
<p>mechanism of cocaine</p>
<p>inhibits reuptake of norep, dopamine presynaptically</p>
<p>how does prostacycline cause vasodilation</p>
<p>increasing cAMP, activating K channels, increasing NO production</p>
<p>a 10 meq/L change in base excess means</p>
<p>0.15 unit change in pH</p>
<p>y descent</p>
<p>opening of tricuspid valve, emptying into ventricle</p>
<p>color of superficial partial thickness burn</p>
<p>pink</p>
<p>person is awake on eeg</p>
<p>beta wave
| </p>
<p>this type of herniation leads to contralateral leg paralysis</p>
<p>subfalcine herniation</p>
<p>where are glomeruli located </p>
<p>renal cortex which gets 90% of blood flow</p>
<p>2,3 DPG production is increased by</p>
<p>hypoxemia, thus shifting curve to R making oxygen more available</p>
<p>Qp/Qs = </p>
<p>(Cao-Cra)/(Cpv-Cpa)</p>
<p>for each increase in bicarb by 10, pH increases by </p>
<p>0.15</p>
<p>which factor during CPR predicts cerebral blood flow</p>
<p>systolic blood pressure</p>
<p>VO2 indirect calorimetry</p>
<p>Vi(FiO2) - Ve(FeCO2); can be fraught with error if there are leaks</p>
<p>these changes will cause an increase in slope of the venous return curve without changes Pms</p>
<p>decrease in SVR, anemia because resistance is decreased</p>
<p>in hypovolemic (zone II) conditions an increase in abdominal pressure with diaphragm descent caused a \_\_\_\_ in venous return</p>
<p>decrease (non splanchnic blood flow is inhibited); splanchnic flow increases</p>
<p>what infection is associated with strep TSS</p>
<p>varicella</p>
<p>TLR4 recognizes \_\_\_\_</p>
<p>LPS</p>
<p>AA increased in MSUD</p>
<p>leucine, isoleucine, valine</p>
<p>aminoglycosides, flagyl, fluoroquinolones are time dependent/concentration dependent for killing</p>
<p>concentration dependent</p>
<p>what inhibits interaction of actin and myosin during relaxation</p>
<p>TnI and tropomyosin, until Ca rises causing conf change in TnI and tropomyosin to facilitate actin and myosin cross bridging</p>
<p>chelate lead if level is over \_\_\_</p>
<p>45</p>
<p>electrolyte effect of cisplatin</p>
<p>low mg</p>
<p>lesions of eye and optic nerve will show bilateral/unilateral lack of constriction when shone at effected eye</p>
<p>bilateral</p>
<p>sinopuulm infections with encapsulated bacteria, increased malignancy risk, low T and low Ab levels</p>
<p>ataxia teleangiectasia</p>
<p>when is fasciotomy indicated in compartment syndrome</p>
<p>when pressures are over 40</p>
<p>central cord syndrome</p>
<p>loss of pain and temp in cape like distribution, possible bowel and bladder</p>
<p>this drug blocks Na-K ATPase in sarcolemma leading to increased Ca intracellularly</p>
<p>digoxin</p>
<p>v wave</p>
<p>blood returning to LA/RA</p>
<p>half life transferrin</p>
<p>8</p>
<p>this med is anti CD20</p>
<p>rituximab</p>
<p>area of liver that participates in drug metabolism that is most vulnerable to hypoxic ischemic injury and drug toxicity</p>
<p>zone 3</p>
<p>pH goal in GI bleed</p>
<p>over 6</p>
<p>in uncal herniation is symp or parasymp innervation to ipsilateral pupil effected</p>
<p>parasymp</p>
<p>EKG signs hypocalcemia</p>
<p>prolonged QT</p>
<p>cardiac transplant leads to loss of \_\_\_ input of heart</p>
<p>vagal input</p>
<p>mechanism of class IV antiarrythmic</p>
<p>block Ca channels</p>
<p>risks of cerebral edema DKA</p>
<p>young, 1st episode, lower CO2, high BUN, got bicarb, got insulin bolus</p>
<p>equation for filtration fraction</p>
<p>FF = GFR/RPF</p>
<p>hyperammonemia without acidosis, orotic acid not elevated, citrulline not elevated</p>
<p>THAN</p>
<p>equation for venous return</p>
<p>(Pms-Pra)/Rv; Rv is resistance to venous return</p>
<p>ptosis/miosis/anhidrosis (horners) seen in high or low cerical injury</p>
<p>high</p>
<p>this replaces gent in renal insufficiency</p>
<p>aztreonam</p>
<p>alpha receptors on coronaries cause \_\_</p>
<p>vasoconstriction, beta cause vasodilation</p>
<p>large v waves seen in </p>
<p>tricuspid regurg, ebsteins</p>
<p>drug is eliminated as a fixed percentage over time</p>
<p>first order</p>
<p>spinal cord injury with ischemia to anterior spinal artery can occur after \_\_\_\_ repair</p>
<p>coarct</p>
<p>aspirated fresh water leads to \_\_\_</p>
<p>atelectasis</p>
<p>parkland formula</p>
<p>4 ml x % burned x weight (kg)</p>
<p>prolonged R time in TEG</p>
<p>need clotting factors like FFP</p>
<p>how is CO determined with PA catheter</p>
<p>thermodilution, inversely related to AUC</p>
<p>FRC is the volume at which lung recoil inward is balanced by chest recoil \_\_\_</p>
<p>outward</p>
<p>this may be helpful in propionic acidemia</p>
<p>biotin</p>
<p>this drug inhibits PDE-5 which normally degrades cGMP</p>
<p>sildenafil</p>
<p>whats mechanism of glucocorticoid anti-inflammatory response</p>
<p>inhibition of NF-kB</p>
<p>which steroid has the highest antiinflammatory effects</p>
<p>dexamethasone first, solumedrol medium, hydrocortisone lowest, mineralocorticoid effects are the reverse</p>
<p>extended upper extremities posturing is called</p>
<p>decerebrate, comes after decorticate</p>
<p>this type of metabolic seizure d/o has spike and burst suppression pattern on EEG</p>
<p>pyridoxine dependent seizures</p>
<p>these provide the pacemaker activity of the gut</p>
<p>cells of cajal</p>
<p>pro inflammatory innate cytokines</p>
<p>Il-1B, TNF alpha</p>
<p>antidote for beta blocker overdose</p>
<p>glucagon; activates cAMP</p>
<p>most common bacteria causing pericarditis</p>
<p>S. aureus</p>
<p>what atrial wave becomes more prominent during a fib</p>
<p>c wave</p>
<p>this controls quality of saliva, this controls amount</p>
<p>symp, parsymp</p>
<p>AV valve regurg causes a large \_\_\_ wave</p>
<p>v</p>
<p>infection that occurs with C1, C2, C3, C4 defect</p>
<p>encapsulated organisms</p>
<p>logistic regression is for \_\_ outcomes</p>
<p>dichotomous (yes/no)</p>
<p>th1 cell are pro or anti inflammatory</p>
<p>pro</p>
<p>order of CVP waveform waves</p>
<p>acxvy</p>
<p>normal values of O2ER</p>
<p>0.2 to 0.3</p>
<p>wall stress = </p>
<p>(pressure x radius)/wall thickness</p>
<p>can you administer ABO incompatible plt?</p>
<p>yes, plasma washed out</p>
<p>units of VO2</p>
<p>ml O2/min</p>
<p>definition of increased PVR in woods units</p>
<p>over 3</p>
<p>in malrotation the dudoenal-jejunal junction is to the \_\_\_ of the spine, 4th portion of duod doesnt cross midline</p>
<p>right</p>
<p>sensory innervation above vocal cords is \_\_\_ , below is \_\_\_\_</p>
<p>superior laryngeal, recurrent laryngeal</p>
<p>downregulation of HLA-DR less than 30% or less than 8000 molecules per cell with decreased TNF alpha production is definition of \_\_\_\_</p>
<p>immunoparalyzed monocyte</p>
<p>whats the difference between CIM and CIP</p>
<p>CIM has stretch reflexes and intact proprioception, vibration, sensation</p>
<p>c wave</p>
<p>bowing of AV valves from ventricular contraction</p>
<p>tx for children with multiple carboxylase deficiency</p>
<p>biotin</p>
<p>posterior spinal cord is responsible for...</p>
<p>proprioception, vibratory sensation</p>
<p>hydrostatic forces favor fluid flow OUT/IN to the interstium</p>
<p>IN</p>
<p>slowing wave on eeg</p>
<p>theta</p>
<p>gastric phase of emptying mediated by</p>
<p>gastrin on parietal cells of stomach antrum</p>
<p>imipenem has strong association with \_\_\_\_</p>
<p>seizures</p>
<p>how are beta lactam excreted</p>
<p>renal, except PCN/CTX</p>
<p>tx for C. albicans</p>
<p>fluconazole</p>
<p>this enzyme breaks down cAMP which decreases cytosolic Ca and decreases muscle contraction</p>
<p>PDE III</p>
<p>urine sodium is \_\_\_ in hepatorenal</p>
<p>low</p>
<p>drugs of choice for tetanus</p>
<p>benzos, tetanus immuno glob, PCN</p>
<p>when does GFR reach adult levels</p>
<p>age 2</p>
<p>this percentange of total airway resistance is found between the nose and larynx</p>
<p>40-50%</p>
<p>necrotizing arteritis seen post coaractectomy</p>
<p>mesenteric arteritis
| </p>
<p>lower MAC means weaker/stronger anesthetic?></p>
<p>stronger</p>
<p>saturation in metHb</p>
<p>will be 85% because it absorbs light equally at 660 and 940 (pulsatile blood and reference tissue)</p>
<p>units of CaO2</p>
<p>ml O2 per dL of blood</p>
<p>this is most common type of ASD</p>
<p>ostium secundum</p>
<p>brief upstroke followed by two systolic peaks seen in aortic regurg and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy</p>
<p>pulsus bisfiriens</p>
<p>energy reverses/does not reverse metablic stress response</p>
<p>does not</p>
<p>ammonia scavengers to treat urea cycle defects</p>
<p>sodium benzoate, sodium phenylacetate</p>
<p>AA needed for gluconeogenesis</p>
<p>ala, glutamine</p>
<p>which has more CNS depression, more muscle rigidity, and is the only one that has bradykinesia, serotonin syndrome or NMS</p>
<p>NMS</p>
<p>infection with MAC defect</p>
<p>n men</p>
<p>anion gap metabolic acidosis from ketones, no hypoglycemia</p>
<p>disorder of ketolysis</p>
<p>brown sequard syndrome</p>
<p>loss of voluntary motor function and proprioception on ipsilateral side, loss of pain, temp, tactile sense on contralateral side</p>
<p>anesthetic agents with low blood gas partition coefficient (less soluble in blood) have faster/slower induction rates</p>
<p>faster</p>
<p>when focal vascular injury occurs from infection the initial response is</p>
<p>vasodilation</p>
<p>TLR2 recognizes \_\_\_\_</p>
<p>peptidoglycan of bacteria/viruses</p>
<p>half life prealbumin</p>
<p>2</p>
<p>this drug can uncouple hypoxic vasoconstriction leading to increased pulmonary shunting</p>
<p>nipride</p>
<p>high protein binding means low/high Vd</p>
<p>low</p>
<p>neonates have fewer \_\_\_ fibers in diaphragm (slow contracting, long sustaining fibers)</p>
<p>type I fibers</p>
<p>adenosine 1 receptors cause afferent \_\_\_ and adenosine 2 receptors cause efferent\_\_\_</p>
<p>constriction, dilation</p>
<p>pro inflammatory Th cells</p>
<p>Th1</p>
<p>respiratory alkalosis leads to \_\_\_ ionized calcium</p>
<p>low</p>
<p>when cardiac output is decreased there is an increase in which west zone condition?</p>
<p>zone I where PA>Pa>Pv</p>
<p>what causes decreased vital capacity in duchennes</p>
<p>kyphoscoliosis</p>
<p>half life RBP</p>
<p>12 hours</p>
<p>diving reflex</p>
<p>apnea causes decreased HR and increased SVR to maintain perfusion and reducing oxygen consumption</p>
<p>sickle Hb has\_\_\_\_ O2 affinity, \_\_\_\_ p50</p>
<p>lower, higher</p>
<p>afferent limb of gag reflex is CN _, afferent is CN _</p>
<p>9,10</p>
<p>hyperammonemia without acidosis, orotic acid not elevated, citrulline elevated</p>
<p>CPS or NAGS deficiency</p>
<p>drug is eliminated slower as levels rise</p>
<p>michaelis mentin or capacity limited elimination</p>
<p>tx for htn in PIGN</p>
<p>fluid restriction and diurects because htn is from Na and H2o overload</p>
<p>which factor mediates hypercapneic vasodilation in brain</p>
<p>NO</p>
<p>name and order of atrial waves</p>
<p>a,c,v</p>
<p>color of deep partial thickness burn</p>
<p>white</p>
<p>this drug is a calcium channel blocker that prevents Ca movement from SR to cytosol to produce arteriolar vasodilation</p>
<p>nicardipine</p>
<p>greatest infectious risk in blood transfusion</p>
<p>gram negative bacteria</p>
<p>thyroid studies in sick euthyroid</p>
<p>normal T4, low T3, normal TSH</p>
<p>which has a lower sat at baseline, SVC or IVC</p>
<p>SVC due to cerebral extraction</p>
<p>hyperammonemia without acidosis, orotic acid elevated</p>
<p>OTC deficiency</p>
<p>neuroleptics cause NMS via blockade of what receptor</p>
<p>D2</p>
<p>this occurs in 25% of patients with HIV and has clubbing, HSM, diffuse reticulonodular pattern on CXR</p>
<p>lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis</p>
<p>this is the antidote for Fe toxicity</p>
<p>deferoxamine, turns urine red</p>
<p>neonatal myocardium is dependent on Ca from \_\_\_</p>
<p>extracellular source, NOT SR</p>
<p>\_\_ causes airway irritation, \_\_\_ causes hypotension/arrhythmias, \_\_\_ causes renal injury/hepatic injury (inhalational anesthetics)</p>
<p>iso, halo, sevo</p>
<p>lesions of eye and optic nerve will show bilateral/unilateral constriction when shone at unaffected eye</p>
<p>bilateral</p>
<p>whats the only agent that can be used to anticoagulated if there is HIT</p>
<p>argatroban (direct thrombin inhibitor)</p>
<p>mechanism of class I antiarrythmic</p>
<p>block Na channels</p>
<p>the recurrent laryngeal nerve innervates the entire larynx except the \_\_\_</p>
<p>cricothyroid muscle</p>
<p>random cortisol during stress less than \_\_\_ is consistent with adrenal insufficiency</p>
<p>18</p>
<p>does atropine reverse nicotinc or muscarinic effects</p>
<p>muscarininc</p>
<p>whats better for hyperammonemia, CRRT or HD</p>
<p>CRRT</p>
<p>antidote to calcineurin inhibitor toxicity</p>
<p>aminophylline (dilates afferent arteriole to counteract tacro constricting it)</p>
<p>diagnosis test for CGD</p>
<p>cytochrome c reductase or nitroblue tetrazolium test</p>
<p>which occurs faster, serotonin syndrome or NMS</p>
<p>serotonin</p>
<p>a 2 sided hypothesis states that an association exists but does not specify the \_\_\_ of the association</p>
<p>direction</p>
<p>organophosphates bind irreversibly with \_\_\_</p>
<p>acetylcholinesterase
| </p>
<p>what is 1 cm H20 in mm Hg</p>
<p>1.36 mm Hg</p>
<p>lesions above \_\_\_ can cause spinal shock due to loss of sympathetic outflow</p>
<p>T6</p>
<p>Mean airway pressure =</p>
<p>((TixPIP) + (TexPEEP)/(Ti+Te)</p>
<p>calculated osmolarity</p>
<p>(na x 2) + (glucose/18) + (BUN/2.8)</p>
<p>which part of lung has more negative pressure during both spontaneous respiration and PPV?</p>
<p>the apex of the lung</p>
<p>early post op htn in coarct is \_\_\_, late is \_\_\_\_</p>
<p>systolic, diastolic</p>
<p>pro inflammatory adaptive cytokines</p>
<p>IL-2, IFN gamma</p>
<p>this metabolic disease has smell of sweaty feet</p>
<p>isovaleric aciduria</p>
<p>low serum Mg causes impairment of \_\_\_ leading to K leak out of cells and low K</p>
<p>Na-K ATPase</p>
<p>intestinal phase of empyting mediated by </p>
<p>somatostatin, CCK which decrease parietal cell secetion of acid, secretin, GLP-1</p>
<p>this drug stimulates guanylate cyclase to increase cGMP, protein kinase to decrease Ca influx and cause vasodilation</p>
<p>NO</p>
<p>this is a plateau wave that indicates cerebral non compliance</p>
<p>lundberg a waves</p>
<p>this starts process of DIC</p>
<p>tissue factor and extrinsic pathway</p>
<p>the flow of gas from alveoli with long time constants to those with short time constants at the end of exhalation; in inspiration it goes from short time constants to long</p>
<p>pendelluft movement</p>
<p>case control study is good for a \_\_\_ outcome</p>
<p>rare</p>
<p>hypoglycemia, lactic acidosis, hepatomegaly, ketones in urine, normal ammonia</p>
<p>glycogen storage disease type I</p>
<p>tx for PTLD</p>
<p>reduce immunosuppresion</p>
<p>this is a severe congenital neutropenia with infections with S aureus, psuedomonas</p>
<p>kostmann syndrome</p>
<p>this is the best Cu chelator for wilsons disease</p>
<p>Zn</p>
<p>failure to make B cells, mutation in tyrosine kinase, recurrent sinopulm infections</p>
<p>x linked agammaglobulinemia</p>
<p>which increases faster from apex to base of lung, ventilation or perfusion</p>
<p>perfusion</p>
<p>this binds cytochrome oxidase and interferes with electron transport</p>
<p>CO</p>
<p>whats byproduct of conversion of arginine to citrulline</p>
<p>NO</p>
<p>which is more common in liver transplant, portal vein clot or hepatic artery clot</p>
<p>hepatic artery clot</p>
<p>these vasopressin receptors cause ACTH release</p>
<p>V1b</p>
<p>most common infectious cause hepatic failure children</p>
<p>hep A</p>
<p>greatest risk of infection in plt transfusion</p>
<p>gram positive bacteria</p>
<p>which type of TSS is more likely to have positive blood culture and has higher mortality</p>
<p>strep TSS</p>
<p>antidote to organophosphate poisoning</p>
<p>pralidoxime which causes reactivation of acetylcholinesterase, can also give atropine</p>
<p>this is essential for oxidation of fatty acids and disposes of toxic acyl-coa compounds</p>
<p>carnitine</p>
<p>initial therapy for stroke in sickle cell</p>
<p>exchange transfusion</p>
<p>tx of tyrosinemia type I</p>
<p>NTBC</p>
<p>HIV diagnosis less than 18 months</p>
<p>2 positive PCRs</p>
<p>this type of herniation leads to loss of upward gaze and pinpoint minimally reactive pupils from loss of sympathetic input</p>
<p>upward tentorial hernation</p>
<p>this is high amplitude and irregular waves and spikes on EKG</p>
<p>hypsarrythmia, seen in infantile spasm</p>
<p>risk of type I error </p>
<p>p value</p>
<p>what does a 2/3 change in base excess do to pH</p>
<p>change by 0.01 (so a pH change of 0.03 would have a base excess change of 2)</p>
<p>effect of sympathetic nervous system on insulin/glucagon</p>
<p>inhibits insulin release, stimulates glucagon</p>
EKG in dilated cardiomyopathy shows what two changes
LAE, LVH
avoid rasburicase in what condition
G6PD
cyanide antidote
hydroxocobalamin which forms cyanocobalamin which is excreted in urine; also amyl nitrite and sodium nitrite which lead to formation of MetHb, sodium thiosulfate which converts CN to thiocyanate which can be excreted
transverse myelitis
fever, sensory level, bowel/bladder dysfunction
vasopressin does not constrict these circulations
coronary, pulmonary
most sensitive test for Fe deficiency
low ferritin
