Pictures Flashcards

1
Q
A

Cycads: sago palms

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2
Q
A

Senna spp.: Sicklepod (muscle degeneration)

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3
Q
A

Coffee senna (muscle degeneration)

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4
Q
A

Toxic senna seeds

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5
Q

toxin of senna plants

A

quinones (exact toxin unknown)

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6
Q

Mechanism of action of senna toxicity

A

Inhibits cytochrome oxidase leading to muscle degeneration

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7
Q

Species affected by senna toxicity

A

cattle > pigs >> horses

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8
Q

Senna toxicity clinical signs

A
  1. coffee colored urine
  2. elevated muscle enzymes
  3. hyperkalemia
  4. poor wt gain and feed consumption
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9
Q

How does senna toxicity differ in horses compared to cattle?

A

Horses succumb to liver degeneration sooner than muscle degeneration. Frequently die suddenly.

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10
Q

Senna toxicity diagnosis

A

Muscle degeneration of myocardium and hindlimbs on necropsy

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11
Q

Top differentials for senna toxicity

A

ionophore toxicity, strychnine, selenium/vit E toxicosis

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12
Q

Senna toxicity treatment

A

no specific treatment. Usually ineffective once down

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13
Q
A

White snakeroot (eupatorium rugosum)

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14
Q
A

White snakeroot (eupatorium rugosum)

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15
Q
A

Ergot

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16
Q
A

Tall fescue (infected with endoohyte causing summer slump and fescue foot)

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17
Q
A

Black walnut (laminitis in horses; similar signs as chocolate/cannabis in dogs)

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18
Q
A

St. Johnswort (primary photosensitizer)

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19
Q
A

Alfalfa (primary photosensitizer)

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20
Q
A

Hairy Vetch (primary photosensitizer)

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21
Q
A

Mexican poppy (mechanical injury to skin)

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22
Q
A

Mexican poppy

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23
Q
A

Poison Ivy (chemical injury to skin)

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24
Q
A

Poison ivy

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25
Q
A

Poison sumac (chemical injury to skin)

26
Q
A

Stinging nettle (chemical injury to skin)

27
Q
A

Pine (isocupressic acid causes abortion)

28
Q
A

Yellow clover (phytoestrogens cause abortion)

29
Q
A

Flowering lupine (anagyrine = teratogenic (cleft palate, arthrogryposis); poison hemlock & tobacco produce same toxin

30
Q
A

Veratrum spp. False hellebore (cyclopamine in lambs if ingested 14-16 d of gestation)

31
Q
A

Veratrum spp. False hellebore

32
Q
A

Foxglove (cardiac glycoside; principle toxin = digitoxin)

33
Q
A

Foxglove (cardiac glycoside; principle toxin = digitoxin)

34
Q
A

Lily of the valley (cardiac glycoside; principle toxin = convallerin)

35
Q
A

Oleander (cardiac glycoside; principle toxin = similar to digitalis)

36
Q
A

Oleander (cardiac glycoside; principle toxin = similar to digitalis)

37
Q
A

Oleander (cardiac glycoside; principle toxin = similar to digitalis)

38
Q
A

Milkweed (cardiac glycoside = cardenolides; neurotoxin = galitoxin)

39
Q
A

Milkweed (cardiac glycoside = cardenolides; neurotoxin = galitoxin)

40
Q
A

Milkweed (cardiac glycoside = cardenolides; neurotoxin = galitoxin)

41
Q
A

Kalanchoe (cardiac gycoside & bufadienolides)

42
Q
A

Kalanchoe (cardiac gycoside & bufadienolides)

43
Q
A

Taxus spp: Yew (cardiac taxine A&B)

44
Q
A

Taxus spp: Yew (cardiac taxine A&B)

45
Q
A

Gossypol (iron chelater: anemia & pale streaking of heart + infertility)

46
Q
A

Poison Hemlock (neurotoxin = coniine; teratogenic)

47
Q
A

Poison Hemlock (neurotoxin = coniine; teratogenic)

48
Q
A

Water hemlock (cicuta): Neurotoxin = cicutoxin (resinoid)

49
Q
A

Water hemlock (cicuta): Neurotoxin = cicutoxin (resinoid)

50
Q
A

Eastern black nightshade: neurotoxin = solanine

51
Q
A

tropical soda apple: neurotoxin = solanine

52
Q
A

Eggplant: neurotoxin = solanine

53
Q
A

Jerusalem cherry: neurotoxin = solanine

54
Q
A

Common horsetail: neurotoxin = thiaminase enzyme

55
Q
A

Yellow jessamine: alkaloid neurotoxin

56
Q
A

Yellow jessamine: alkaloid neurotoxin (glycine receptor agonist)

57
Q
A

Jimsonweed: tropane alkaloid neurotoxins (atropine and scopolamine)

58
Q
A

Jimsonweed: tropane alkaloid neurotoxins (atropine and scopolamine)

59
Q
A

Jimsonweed: tropane alkaloid neurotoxins (atropine and scopolamine)

60
Q
A

Locoweed: swainsonine + miserotoxin (nitrotoxin, 3-nitroproprionic acid) + selenium accumulators

61
Q
A

Locoweed: swainsonine + miserotoxin (nitrotoxin, 3-nitroproprionic acid) + selenium accumulators

62
Q
A

Creeping indigo: 3-nitropropionic acid or 3NP (neuro) + Indospicine (ulcerations)