Pictures Flashcards
Cycads: sago palms
Senna spp.: Sicklepod (muscle degeneration)
Coffee senna (muscle degeneration)
Toxic senna seeds
toxin of senna plants
quinones (exact toxin unknown)
Mechanism of action of senna toxicity
Inhibits cytochrome oxidase leading to muscle degeneration
Species affected by senna toxicity
cattle > pigs >> horses
Senna toxicity clinical signs
- coffee colored urine
- elevated muscle enzymes
- hyperkalemia
- poor wt gain and feed consumption
How does senna toxicity differ in horses compared to cattle?
Horses succumb to liver degeneration sooner than muscle degeneration. Frequently die suddenly.
Senna toxicity diagnosis
Muscle degeneration of myocardium and hindlimbs on necropsy
Top differentials for senna toxicity
ionophore toxicity, strychnine, selenium/vit E toxicosis
Senna toxicity treatment
no specific treatment. Usually ineffective once down
White snakeroot (eupatorium rugosum)
White snakeroot (eupatorium rugosum)
Ergot
Tall fescue (infected with endoohyte causing summer slump and fescue foot)
Black walnut (laminitis in horses; similar signs as chocolate/cannabis in dogs)
St. Johnswort (primary photosensitizer)
Alfalfa (primary photosensitizer)
Hairy Vetch (primary photosensitizer)
Mexican poppy (mechanical injury to skin)
Mexican poppy
Poison Ivy (chemical injury to skin)
Poison ivy